Veterinarians should not rely on a horses appearance alone to determine his metabolic status. | Adobe StockAs horses live longer and remain active well into their senior years, veterinarians face the increased challenge of managing joint disease in patients that dont fit the traditional athlete profile. One of the most important, yet previously overlooked factors influencing treatment decisions is a horses metabolic status. Common metabolic disorders in horses include equine metabolic syndrome, pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID, formerly called equine Cushings), or insulin dysregulation.Regardless of the therapy, the goals of equine joint treatment remain the same: Decrease inflammation, repair or protect the articular surface, lubricate the joint, restore homeostasis, and prevent further injury, said Kyla Ortved, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVS, ACVSMR, associate professor of large animal surgery at the University of Pennsylvanias New Bolton Center, in Kennett Square. Ortved discussed joint therapy options for treating endocrine horses with Lauren Schnabel, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVS, ACVSMR, professor of equine orthopedic surgery at North Carolina State Universitys College of Veterinary Medicine, in Raleigh, during their table topic at the 2025 American Association of Equine Practitioners Convention, held Dec. 6-10, in Denver, Colorado.Corticosteroid Use in Endocrine HorsesIntra-articular corticosteroidsthose injected into the jointremain a common choice for veterinarians when the goal is controlling joint inflammation, said Ortved. However, their use requires careful consideration of total dose, cumulative exposure, withdrawal times, and long-term effects on joint tissues.The presenters said laminitis risk continues to be a central concern for veterinarians when addressing joint issues in the metabolic horse. Laminitis is a painful inflammatory condition of the tissues that connect the hoof wall to the underlying coffin bone and can lead to lasting structural damage within the foot. In a review of approximately 2,000 horses, only a small number developed laminitis following steroid administration; however, some surveys report nearly 75% of veterinarians consider the corticosteroid triamcinolone likely or very likely to contribute to laminitis, particularly in at-risk horses.Researchers have shown that even in metabolically normal horses, certain corticosteroids can increase insulin concentrations, said Ortved. In horses with elevated baseline insulin due to insulin dysregulation, that response can be exaggerated, with insulin levels rising dramatically after joint injection. Betamethasone and methylprednisolone acetate appear to have a less pronounced effect on insulin than triamcinolone in a small number of studies. Schnabel and Ortved advised practitioners to use steroids with caution in horses at risk of laminitis and that more studies need to be performed.These concerns remain especially relevant given the prevalence of metabolic disease in the sport horse population, said Schnabel. Researchers in the Schnabel Laboratory using oral sugar testing have identified insulin dysregulation in nearly 25% of sport horses, though only a fraction were diagnosed based on baseline fasted insulin levels. The Schnabel Laboratory also identified radiographic evidence of laminitis in more than 40% of sport horses, regardless of known metabolic status, underscoring the need for routine radiographic monitoring of horses feet in addition to testing a horses insulin levels regardless of appearance.Alternative Joint Therapies for Metabolic HorsesFor horses with known or suspected metabolic disease, veterinarians often look beyond corticosteroids. Hyaluronic acid and polysulfated glycosaminoglycans continue to be common components of joint therapy protocols.Veterinarians are exploring the use of polyacrylamide hydrogels (PAAGs) in metabolic horses. Ortved said the 2.5% PAAG has been associated with integration into synovial tissue and modification of the synovial membrane.Schnabel added that the 4% PAAG functions primarily as a viscoelastic to reduce friction within the joint and can bind to sites of damaged cartilage. The presenters described on-label intra-articular PAAG use as safe, particularly in cases where corticosteroids might be less desirable.Orthobiologics in Endocrine HorsesOrthobiologic therapies such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), autologous conditioned serum (ACS), autologous protein solution (APS), alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer treatment options for managing horses with joint disease, said Ortved. However, because some of these products are produced using the individuals blood or stem cells, a horses metabolic status might influence how they perform.Certain medications used to manage PPID can affect platelet function, raising questions about the consistency and efficacy of platelet-based therapies.Finally, the presenters noted that little research exists into the use of orthobiologics for equine axial skeletal painthat of the neck, back, and pelvisbut research in humans leads veterinarians to believe they are an effective option in horses, said Schnabel.Take-Home MessageManaging joint disease in metabolic horses requires a nuanced approach. Insulin testing, rather than reliance on appearance, plays a critical role in identifying at-risk patients, said Schnabel. From there, therapy selection should prioritize safety while addressing pain, inflammation, and long-term joint health.

10 min read Last updated: January 2026 Facing the heartbreaking decision of when to retire, rehabilitate, or euthanise your horse? This guide gives you vet-backed, UK-specific criteria and calm next steps, including the BHA decision trees 3 red flagscontinuous pain, a hopeless prognosis, or the need for lifetime confinement/analgesiaso you can act confidently in your horses best interests. Quick Summary Short on time? Here are the key takeaways. Area: Euthanasia Criteria What To Do: Use agreed UK welfare criteria with your vet to decide if pain is continuous and unmanageable, prognosis hopeless, or lifelong confinement/analgesia is required. Why It Matters: Ensures a humane, welfareled decision in the horses best interests. Common Mistake: Letting hope or insurance override welfare. Area: Vet & Insurance What To Do: Follow the attending vets recommendation and keep the insurer updated, especially for chronic or deteriorating cases. Why It Matters: Prioritises welfare and streamlines any necessary claims. Common Mistake: Waiting for insurer approval before acting. Area: QoL Tracking What To Do: Log weekly pain, mobility, appetite, behaviour, and treatment responses with photos or video. Why It Matters: Provides objective evidence to time decisions and support discussions. Common Mistake: Relying on memory or scattered notes. Area: Winter Management What To Do: Maximise safe turnout, keep the horse warm and dry, and add gentle daily inhand walks. Why It Matters: Movement and comfort reduce stiffness and support wellbeing in harsh weather. Common Mistake: Prolonged stabling without movement. Area: Pain Plan What To Do: Agree a targeted, timelimited analgesia plan for flareups rather than indefinite medication. Why It Matters: Prevents masking suffering and clarifies when treatment is no longer humane. Common Mistake: Escalating longterm drugs to postpone decisions. Area: On the Day What To Do: Arrange a calm, familiar location with experienced handlers and agree method, sedation, and aftercare with your vet. Why It Matters: Minimises fear, pain, and risk for horse and people. Common Mistake: Transporting a horse in severe pain. Area: Racehorse Retirement What To Do: Complete official retirement steps and plan realistic aftercare or retraining, applying welfarefirst principles if rehab isnt humane. Why It Matters: Ensures traceability and an appropriate future aligned with capability and welfare. Common Mistake: Rehoming without honest assessment of needs. In This Guide When is euthanasia the kindest choice? Who makes the decision, and what about insurance? How to support an elderly horse before this point What happens on the day: humane methods and setting Retiring a racehorse the correct way Quality-of-life checkpoints you can use today What to organise in advance to make a hard day easier Youre not alone: professional support and trusted resources Deciding when to retire, rehabilitate, or euthanise an elderly horse is one of the hardest responsibilities youll face. Clear welfare criteria exist in the UK to guide you with your vet, so you can act confidently in your horses best interests.Key takeaway: Euthanasia is justified when a horse faces continuous, unmanageable pain with a hopeless prognosis or would require lifetime confinement or analgesia; your attending vet leads this decision on welfare grounds, regardless of insurance criteria.When is euthanasia the kindest choice?Euthanasia is the kindest choice when a horse endures continuous, unmanageable pain with a hopeless prognosis, or would need lifelong box confinement or analgesia to avoid suffering. This is set out clearly in the British Horseracing Authority (BHA) guidance and supported by BEVA principles.The BHAs Horse Welfare Board states that continuous, unmanageable pain in the presence of a hopeless prognosis, or conditions requiring lifetime confinement, are grounds for humane destruction. It also stresses that horses should not endure a lifetime of box rest simply to manage pain. See the BHA euthanasia decision tree and principles here: BHA Euthanasia Guidelines.Elective euthanasia of a horse should only be carried out when those who have responsibility for its welfare have considered all available options and decided that it is in the best interests of the horse, considering both current and future circumstances. Horse Welfare Board (via BHA)In practice, this means weighing up:Whether pain is persistent despite appropriate treatment.Whether the prognosis for meaningful recovery is hopeless.Whether keeping the horse pain-free requires permanent confinement or lifetime analgesia.Age, comorbidities, likely complications, and seasonal pressures (e.g., hard UK winters with limited turnout).When further veterinary treatment is rendered hopeless, BHA guidance advises that euthanasia should be considered to prevent ongoing suffering. For acute trauma or catastrophic injuries, the decision may need to be immediate to relieve incurable and excessive pain.Who makes the decision, and what about insurance?The attending veterinary surgeon leads the recommendation based on clinical signs, and horse welfare must come first regardless of insurance. Insurance follows BEVA criteria, but it cannot override the vets welfare-led judgement.BEVAs position is unequivocal:The decision to advise an owner to destroy a horse on humane grounds must be the responsibility of the attending veterinary surgeon, based on his assessment of the clinical signs at the time of the examination, regardless of whether or not the horse is insured. British Equine Veterinary AssociationFor insurance claims under destruction on humane grounds, BEVA-aligned policies usually require that an injury or illness is so severe as to warrant immediate destruction to relieve incurable and excessive pain, with no other treatment options available at that time. See BEVA-aligned summaries from Julie Andrews Horse Insurance Services and Kent Equine Hospital.In chronic or deteriorating cases (for example, progressive arthritis or laminitis), your insurer typically expects ongoing updates, exploration of reasonable treatments, and may ask for a second opinion before authorising claims. Petplan Equine outlines this process here: Petplan Equine BEVA.Pro tip: Keep a shared note with your vet logging pain scores, flare-ups, responses to treatment, and photos/video. If the condition becomes hopeless, this record supports a timely, compassionate decisionand smooths insurer conversations.How to support an elderly horse before this pointYou can often prolong quality of life by reducing workload, increasing turnout, and focusing management on comfort and mobility. The British Horse Society (BHS) recommends regular reviews of exercise and more turnout, avoiding long stabled periods where possible.The BHS advises adding gentle, regular activitysuch as daily in-hand walksespecially over the UK winter when turnout is limited. For older horses, Nicolas de Brauwere MRCVS of Redwings notes:They need more care and attentionor at least more focused attention to their welfare. Nicolas de Brauwere, MRCVS, Redwings Horse SanctuaryPractical ways to help your veteran:Increase turnout with compatible companions to maintain movement and mental wellbeing.Swap intense ridden work for low-impact exercise: in-hand walking, short hacks on good going, or safe arena time.Keep them warm and dry in cold, wet weather; adequate rugging supports comfort and reduces energy demands.Review dentistry and nutrition; senior feeds and soaked fibre can help when chewing is difficult.Discuss targeted pain management for flare-ups with your vet, avoiding a plan that relies on lifetime analgesia as a permanent solution.At Just Horse Riders, we recommend simple, high-impact tweaks first. Browse winter-friendly turnout rugs to keep your older horse warm during longer outdoor periods, and consider a cosy stable rug if stabling overnight. Joint comfort can be supported with evidence-led products in our supplements range, including options from trusted brands like NAF. For legs that need extra support, see horse boots and bandages for turnout or in-hand exercise.Quick tip: Winter in-hand walks are safer with visibility. Keep yourself seen on dark lanes with our hi-vis rider gear, and always pick safe, gritted routes in icy conditions.What happens on the day: humane methods and settingIn the UK, euthanasia must be carried out humanely by a veterinary surgeon or, in specific licensed contexts, by a competent person using a licensed method; where possible, it should be done at home or suitable surroundings, avoiding transport of a horse in acute pain.The BHA outlines two accepted methods: lethal injection or a licensed firearm, both administered by qualified individuals. Where a horse is in severe pain, transporting them is discouraged; making arrangements on the yard or in a quiet field reduces stress and risk (BHA Guidelines).The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS) notes that non-vets may perform euthanasia only where legally permitted and competent, and methods must be humane and justified by welfare. Veterinary surgeons use clinical judgement within UK animal welfare legislation (RCVS Standards and Advice).To prepare sensitively:Discuss the plan with your vet in advance, including location, companions, sedation, and aftercare.Choose a calm, familiar spot with good footing. Remove distractions and ensure handlers are experienced.Have a comfortable headcollar and lead rope ready; keep the horse appropriately rugged for the weather until the vet arrives. Our WeatherBeeta and Shires ranges include reliable, well-fitted options for the final days and weeks.Plan safe access for vehicles if needed for aftercare, and brief your yard team so everyone understands their role.However prepared you are, this is an emotional day. Keeping the process quiet, swift, and familiar is the greatest kindness.Retiring a racehorse the correct wayTo retire a racehorse in Britain, the owner or trainer must notify the BHA online; after 14 days, the horse is ineligible to race. You will record the reason for retirement, new keeper details, and can add a non-racing agreement.The Racehorse Owners Association summarises the process here: ROA Horse Welfare. This supports the BHAs A Life Well Lived strategy for full traceability from birth to end of life and beyond racing (BHA Life After Racing). Vets, retraining centres, and aftercare charities can help plan a suitable future, whether that is hacking, companion life, or specialist rehoming.If a racehorses condition deteriorates and rehabilitation is not humane, the same welfare-first euthanasia principles apply as to any horse.Quality-of-life checkpoints you can use todayUse the BHA decision tree and speak with your vet if your horse has unmanageable pain, severe deformity, repeated injuries, or would require lifelong confinement or analgesia. These are clear red flags that quality of life is no longer acceptable.Simple checkpoints you can monitor weekly:Pain: Is it frequent or constant despite appropriate care?Mobility: Can your horse rise, lie down, and move comfortably to field, water, and shelter?Appetite and weight: Are they eating well and maintaining condition?Behaviour: Are they still engaged with their environment and companions?Management burden: Is humane comfort only possible with lifetime box rest or continuous analgesia?Where answers point to sustained suffering or a hopeless prognosis, humane euthanasia prevents further decline. Keep the BHA document handy for structured decisions: BHA Euthanasia Guidelines.What to organise in advance to make a hard day easierSpeak to your vet early, keep your insurer informed in chronic cases, and plan a quiet, familiar location with experienced handlers and clear access. These steps reduce stress for the horse and for you.Helpful essentials and gentle routines:Regular grooming can be calming; keep to a soothing routine with quality brushes from our grooming collection.Comfortable, clean rugs appropriate to the weathersee our winter turnout rugs for wet, cold days and stable rugs for overnight stabling.Supportive leg protection for in-hand walks or gentle turnout: explore boots and bandages.Joint and senior support from our curated supplements range, including options from NAF.A few favourite treats for positive associations during quiet time together.If euthanasia becomes necessary, ensure everyone on the yard knows the plan for the day, and that you have privacy and support. Aftercare decisions can be discussed with your vet beforehand to avoid rushed choices.Youre not alone: professional support and trusted resourcesLean on your vet firstthey are responsible for advising you and safeguarding your horses welfare. Reputable guidance from the BHA, BEVA, the RCVS, and the BHS will keep you aligned with UK best practice and law.Key resources:BHA Euthanasia Guidelines and Decision TreeBEVA Destruction of Horses GuidelinesBHS Care of the Elderly HorseRCVS Standards and Advice UpdateROA Retirement of RacehorsesAt Just Horse Riders, we recommend agreeing a review schedule with your vetparticularly through autumn and winterso you can adjust care promptly and make dignified decisions at the right time.When you need practical kit that supports comfort and safety, our team can help you select the right rug weight, leg protection, and joint supplements for older horses living out more.FAQsWhen is euthanasia justified for an elderly horse?Euthanasia is justified when a horse is in continuous, unmanageable pain with a hopeless prognosis, or would require lifetime confinement or analgesia to avoid suffering. The BHA decision tree and your attending vets clinical assessment guide this decision, always prioritising welfare. See: BHA Euthanasia Guidelines.Who decides if a horse should be euthanised?The attending veterinary surgeon advises and leads the decision based on clinical signs, and must prioritise the horses welfare regardless of insurance considerations. Owners are consulted, but the vets professional judgement is central. Reference: BEVA.What are the BEVA insurance criteria for humane destruction claims?BEVA-aligned policies require that the horse has an injury or illness so severe it warrants immediate destruction to relieve incurable and excessive pain, with no viable treatment options at that time. Chronic cases often require insurer notification and may need a second opinion. See Petplan Equine.How can I support an older horses mobility through winter?Increase gentle exercise (e.g., daily in-hand walks), maximise safe turnout, and keep them warm and dry. Consider joint support from our supplements range and weather-appropriate turnout rugs for wet, cold UK conditions. The BHS has further guidance for elderly horse care in winter.Can a non-vet euthanise a horse in the UK?In limited, legally defined circumstances, a competent and experienced non-vet may euthanise using humane methods; however, veterinary surgeons typically carry out the procedure and apply clinical judgement. Always prioritise welfare and legality. See the RCVS standards update.How do I retire a racehorse officially?The owner or trainer completes the BHAs online retirement notification. After a 14-day period, the horse becomes ineligible to race. Youll provide reasons for retirement, new keeper details, and can add a non-racing agreement. Details: ROA Horse Welfare.What signs suggest my horses quality of life is declining?Persistent pain, difficulty moving or rising, poor appetite or condition, withdrawn behaviour, repeated injuries, and the need for permanent box rest or continuous analgesia are red flags. Discuss these promptly with your vet and use the BHA decision tree to guide next steps. Shop the Essentials Everything mentioned in this guide, ready to browse. Shop Turnout RugsShop Stable RugsShop SupplementsShop Boots & BandagesShop Hi-Vis Gear

What size washing machine you actually need Why domestic machines wont do the job How many rugs per load? Real capacities you can plan around Essential washer features for equestrian laundry Drying and proofing: fast, safe and waterproof Setting up at your yard or starting a rugwash service Seasonal strategy for UK yards: what to wash and when Hygiene and biosecurity: stop disease spread Updated:1769528163 Muddy UK winters and bulky turnout rugs turning laundry into a slog? Learn why stepping up to a commercial 1023kg washerideally a 20kg drumplus a matching dryer gives cleaner, properly proofed rugs, faster turnaround, and healthier skin for your horse, while protecting your kit and avoiding domestic-machine breakdowns. Quick Summary Short on time? Here are the key takeaways at a glance. Area: Machine Size What To Do: Choose a commercial washer with a 1023kg drum; 20kg gives the most consistent results on rugs. Why It Matters: Adequate drum space lets water and detergent move through heavy fibres for a true clean. Common Mistake: Using 710kg for heavy turnouts. Area: Domestic vs Commercial What To Do: Use commercial equipment for rugs and keep domestic machines for human kit and small yard textiles. Why It Matters: Domestic units cant agitate, rinse, or proof bulky rugs and are prone to damage. Common Mistake: Forcing winter rugs into household washers. Area: Load Planning What To Do: Schedule loads by real capacitiese.g., 1 winter rug or 2 summer sheets in 1013kg machines. Why It Matters: Correct loading protects the machine and keeps throughput predictable. Common Mistake: Overfilling or mixing bulky with light. Area: Essential Features What To Do: Pick equine programs (3060C), a proofing cycle, wide doors, high spin, and strong hair/fluff filtration. Why It Matters: Purpose-built features handle mud and hair, speed drying, and maintain waterproofing. Common Mistake: Skipping filtration/proofing capability. Area: Drying & Proofing What To Do: Pair the washer with a commercial tumble dryer and reproof turnout rugs after every wash. Why It Matters: Drying sets pace in UK weather, and proofing restores water repellency and breathability. Common Mistake: Skipping proofing or line-drying only. Area: Prep & Handling What To Do: Prebrush mud, remove necks/straps, sleeve buckles, weigh rugs, and sort by fabric/soiling. Why It Matters: Reduces damage, protects seals/filters, and improves wash results. Common Mistake: Washing with loose hardware attached. Area: Hygiene & Biosecurity What To Do: Disinfect each load, separate by horse/yard, clean filters/seals between cycles, and dry fully before bagging. Why It Matters: Cuts crosscontamination risks and prevents odour and bacterial regrowth. Common Mistake: Neglecting filter and basket cleaning. Area: Setup & Scale What To Do: Start with reconditioned 10kg plus dryer or step straight to 20kg; design a oneway flow and check licensing. Why It Matters: Right capacity, layout, and compliance keep operations efficient and safe. Common Mistake: No dryer or risk assessment. In This Guide Shop Turnout RugsShop Stable RugsShop Grooming KitShop Fly RugsShop Boots & Bandages Muddy UK winters and busy show seasons make clean, waterproof rugs nonnegotiable. The right washing machine turns a slog into a system that protects your horses skin, your rugs, and your time.Heres the short answer: you need a commercial washer with a 1023kg drum for horse rugs, with 20kg giving the best allround results. Domestic machines wont clean or proof properly, and pairing your washer with a tumble dryer is essential in the UKs damp climate.What size washing machine you actually needFor horse rugs, choose a commercial washer with a 1023kg drum; 20kg is ideal for consistent, highquality results. Smaller 710kg machines suit saddle cloths and small items only.Equestrian laundry specialists recommend drum sizes in the 1023kg range specifically for rugs, with businesses often starting at 10kg and scaling up as volumes grow. A 20kg machine is widely recommended for best quality results on bulky turnout rugs, liners and stable rugs, giving space for water and detergent to move through heavy fibres properly. References: Laundry Machines; MAG Laundry Equipment.Weigh rugs before loading, and never exceed the machines stated dry weight capacity:710kg: numnahs, saddle cloths, boots, light exercise sheets1015kg: summer sheets, fly rugs, light stable rugs1523kg: medium/heavy stable rugs and turnout rugs (especially with necks or liners)Always remove detachable necks, leg straps and fillet strings, and protect buckles to avoid tearing the rug or the machines drum. Proof waterproof rugs immediately postwash to restore their barrier (more on this below).Why domestic machines wont do the jobDomestic machines cant agitate, rinse or proof bulky rugs effectively and are at risk of damage; use commercial equipment to protect both rugs and hygiene.Specialist suppliers are clear that horse rugs are demanding to clean and require the right kit. As Allsop & Francis put it, Washing blankets in a simple domestic machine will not achieve the desired result; it is a specialist job. Source. Disease control is another reason to go commercial: systems such as JLAs OTEX ozone can eliminate up to 99.99% of bacteria per cycle, reducing risks like strangles when rugs and tack are shared between horses. Source.Horse rugs are a product that can be very demanding to clean and its very important that the correct machines are used. Caroline Edmondson, Owner, Gee Up Equine Laundry (source)At Just Horse Riders, we recommend you reserve domestic machines for human kit and small, light yard textiles. Keep rugs in their own commercial system to maintain waterproofing, avoid fungal skin issues from inadequate rinsing, and prevent costly breakdowns.How many rugs per load? Real capacities you can plan aroundA typical professional 1013kg washer handles 1 winter blanket, 2 summer sheets, or up to 7 saddle cloths per cycle. Plan throughput around these realworld figures.Miele Professional washerextractors used in equestrian centres (e.g., the PW6107) quote these capacities across multiple suppliers, giving you a reliable baseline for scheduling. References: Millers UK; Allsop & Francis. Entrylevel professional setups often pair a PW6107 with a PT8253 tumble dryer, letting you process one winter rug (or equivalent) per load through wash and dry without bottlenecks.If you go bigger (1523kg), you gain margin for heavy turnout rugs with necks, multiple liners, or a stack of saddle cloths. The extra drum volume improves rinse quality and reduces creasingimportant if youre proofing or finishing rugs for competition use.Essential washer features for equestrian laundryChoose washers with equine programmes at 3060C, proofing cycles, wide doors, high spin speeds, and robust hair/fluff filtration to avoid blockages.Equestrianspecific controls matter because horsehair and mud are very different to domestic loads. Look for:Dedicated programmes: 30C and 40C for delicates and fly rugs; 60C where fabric allows for deeper hygiene; and a proofing cycle for waterproof turnout rugs. References: Allsop & Francis.Wide doors and strong hinges: to load bulky winter rugs without snagging.High spin extraction: to cut drying time without aggressive mechanical action that can crease or stress fibres.Fluff filters/dirt traps: designed to cope with horsehair and arena grit so drains dont clog. References: Laundry Machines.Hygiene technology: ozone systems (e.g., JLA OTEX) kill up to 99.99% of bacteria per cycle and reduce crosscontamination risks in shared yards. References: JLA.Modern equestrianready washerextractors from brands such as Miele offer capacities from 832kg, so you can match drum size and programme range to your yards volume. References: Allsop & Francis.Quick tip: Pregroom rugs with a stiff brush and pick off dried mud before loading. It saves your filters and improves wash performance. If youre due an upgrade, browse our grooming tools for efficient dehairing before the wash.Drying and proofing: fast, safe and waterproofPair your washer with a tumble dryer (electric, gas, or LPG) and use a proofing cycle to restore waterproofing after every wash of turnout rugs.Drying is the real pacesetter in UK yards where sunshine is unreliable eight months of the year. Professional suppliers pair equineready washers with matching tumble dryers to finish bulky loads quickly and evenly. Gas and LPG models need installation by a Corgiregistered engineer; electric dryers offer simpler installs but may be slower depending on capacity. References: Laundry Machines; Millers UK.Proofing is essential for turnout rugs used in prolonged wet weather. Use the machines proofing programme with an appropriate reproofing product to rebond the waterrepellent finish after washing. Without it, rugs wet out faster, get heavier on the horse, and lose thermal efficiencyexactly what you dont want in a sleety Yorkshire week.Consider finishing equipment (rotary irons or simple finishing tables) if you prep rugs for competition stables. Its not about making rugs pretty; its about laying fibres flat so proofing sets evenly and straps sit correctly for a smart, safe fit. References: Allsop & Francis.Pro tip: Dont overdry. Stop when the outer is dry and the core is just warmresidual heat will finish the job on the rack while preserving fabric elasticity and tape seals.Setting up at your yard or starting a rugwash serviceStart with a reconditioned 10kg washer and a dryer to prove demand, or step straight to a 20kg drum for best results; complete risk assessments and, if operating commercially alongside riding instruction or livery, check UK licensing requirements.Plenty of successful UK rugwash businesses began with a reconditioned 10kg machine before adding capacity and a dryer as word spread. Suppliers report strong support networks and service agreements for small operators. References: Laundry Machines; MAG Laundry Equipment.For a simple, safe setup at a yard:Weigh and triage: separate by weight, fabric, and soiling. Keep turnout rugs and fleece/fabric items in separate loads.Prep the rug: remove detachable parts, protect buckles in sleeves, and use wash bags for straps and small items.Select the right cycle: 3040C for delicates and fly rugs; 60C only where the fabric label allows; finish with proofing for waterproof turnout rugs.Dry appropriately: match load size to dryer capacity and avoid overdrying.Finish and repair: check binding, straps and tapes; quick repairs reduce future damage. Keep a stock of horse boots and bandages clean and rotated while youre at it.If youre operating commercially within or alongside a livery or riding instruction business, the UKs animal activities licensing framework may apply. Expect to complete risk assessments for machinery, maintain hygienic facilities (hot/cold water and handwashing), use nonslip floors, and ensure appropriate drainage (1:80 gradient is commonly cited in yard standards). References: GOV.UK.Coinoperated options can be a neat revenue stream at busy livery yards, letting clients wash saddle cloths and coolers during peak muddy months. If you choose gas or LPG dryers, schedule installation with a Corgiregistered engineer and keep certificates on file. References: Millers UK; Laundry Machines.Quick tip: A tidy flow matters. Set up a dirty in to clean out pathway with clear signage, sealed hair traps, and lined bins for strap offcuts and broken hardware. It speeds the day and keeps biosecurity tight.Seasonal strategy for UK yards: what to wash and whenWash and proof turnout rugs at the end of autumn and midwinter; rotate stable rugs routinely; and deepclean fly rugs, numnahs and boots in spring/summer.UK demand spikes in wet autumn/winter when turnout rug use soars. Plan two key proofing cycles for waterproofsone prewinter and one midseasonso rugs stay breathable and shed water rather than soaking. Have a spare set of winter turnout rugs ready while one set is in the wash; its a simple way to keep horses dry and warm during weather swings.Stable rugs pick up dust and ammonia; frequent lighter washes keep skin healthier than one heavy scrub. Through spring and summer, swing your attention to fly protection and work gearclean your fly rugs, coolers, and especially saddle cloths to avoid sweat buildup under the saddle. For new kit, premium brands like WeatherBeeta are popular with our customers for reliable waterproofing and robust hardware that stand up to repeated cleaning.Dont forget the human side. Darker afternoons and roadside hacks call for hivis for riders, and show prep is smoother when competition pieces are clean and ready. If you compete, build time into your wash rota for jackets, stock ties and show shirtsour range of competition clothing holds its shape best when laundered routinely and stored dry.Finally, use seasonal reviews to retire threadbare rugs and replace them before the next weather change. If a rug has lost loft or lamination, it wont insulate or repel water properlybetter to upgrade than overwash a tired piece. Browse fresh stable rugs for winter stabling, then rotate to turnoutweight layers as the forecast shifts.Hygiene and biosecurity: stop disease spreadDisinfect every load, separate equipment by horse or yard where possible, and maintain filters and drums to remove hair and bacteria after each cycle.Crosscontamination is a real risk in shared UK yards, particularly with diseases like strangles. Ozone disinfection systems such as JLAs OTEX eliminate up to 99.99% of bacteria per cycle, while correct temperature selection and thorough rinsing reduce fungal and bacterial load even without ozone. References: JLA.Practical steps that work:Bag and label loads by horse or yard, and keep washing/drying baskets separate.Clean fluff filters and door seals between loads; hair traps reduce plumbing issues and bioload.Dry completely before bagging to prevent musty odours and bacterial regrowth.Store clean rugs off the floor, away from feed rooms and muck bays.Our customers often pair laundry days with tack and kit checksboots, bandages and brushing boots benefit from routine washes to reduce skin irritation. Build a rotation using our horse boots and bandages so youve always got a clean set ready.Quick tip: A quick prewash rinse knocks mud out before the main cycle, boosting detergent performance and protecting machine seals.FAQsWhat size washing machine do I need for horse rugs?Choose a commercial machine between 1023kg; a 20kg drum gives the best allround results for winter turnouts and layered rugs. Smaller 710kg machines are fine for saddle cloths and light sheets but wont move water through heavy insulation effectively. References: Laundry Machines; MAG Laundry Equipment.Can I wash horse rugs in a domestic machine?No. Domestic machines struggle with bulk, cant rinse or proof properly, and risk damage. Specialists advise commercial equipment for proper cleaning and finish, especially for competition standards and biosecurity. References: Allsop & Francis; JLA.How many rugs fit in one load?As a rule of thumb in professional 1013kg machines: 1 winter rug, 2 summer rugs, or up to 7 saddle cloths per cycle. Larger drums (1523kg) handle heavier turnouts with necks or multiple liners more comfortably. References: Millers UK; Allsop & Francis.Do I need special cycles for equine laundry?Yes. Look for equine/delicate cycles at 3040C, 60C where labels allow, and a proofing programme for waterproof turnouts. Robust hair/fluff filtration and a wide door are also important to handle mud and buckles safely. References: Allsop & Francis.What dryer should I use for rugs?Pair your washer with a commercial tumble dryerelectric, gas or LPG. Gas/LPG models must be installed by a Corgiregistered engineer and typically dry faster; electric can be simpler to install. In the UKs damp climate, a dryer is essential for reliable turnaround. References: Laundry Machines.When should I wash and proof turnout rugs in the UK?Plan a full wash and proof at the start of autumn and again midwinter, with spot cleaning in between. Rotate sets so your horse always has a dry, waterproof rug ready. If you need a spare, see our current winter turnout rugs.Do I need a licence to run a rugwashing service at my yard?If its part of or alongside a commercial livery or riding instruction operation, you may fall under the UK animal activities licensing framework. Expect risk assessments for equipment and clear hygiene facilities. Check the latest guidance here: GOV.UK.Ready to streamline your winter routine? Build a simple rotation, keep proofing on schedule, and stock a spare set of stable rugs and turnouts so youre never caught short on a wet week. For reliable performance season after season, our customers rate WeatherBeeta rugs, and dont forget to stay visible on winter hacks with our hivis for riders. 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Key Aspect Details Photosensitization Basics Adverse skin reaction to sunlight due to photodynamic agents. Affects light-skinned areas; Symptoms: redness, swelling, blisters. Pastern Dermatitis Also called scratches or grease heel; Inflammation typically on lower legs due to moisture, bacteria, or irritants; Can lead to lameness. Photosensitivity & Pastern Dermatitis Connection Photosensitivity may cause vulnerability leading to conditions like pastern dermatitis, especially in wet/muddy conditions. Management Steps Identify and remove photodynamic substance sources (e.g., alsike clover, buckwheat). Protect from UV light by using fly sheets, UV masks. Gentle skin care with antiseptic soap and corticosteroid creams. Consult veterinarian for persistent issues. Prevention Tips Maintain a dry, clean environment. Use barrier creams and protective gear like Silver Whinny socks. Daily Habits & Long-term Strategies Use protective gear and ensure proper environmental adjustments. Regular monitoring and maintenance checks. When to Seek Veterinary Advice Persistent lesions, significant discomfort, systemic issues (appetite loss, swelling). The life of a horse rider is a unique blend of adventure, responsibility, and connection with one of natures most majestic creatures. However, along with the joys of riding comes the duty to manage and maintain the health of your equine companion. Two conditions that can be particularly bothersome (and sometimes confusing) are photosensitization and pastern dermatitis. Understanding Photosensitization: The Basics Photosensitization in horses is a condition where the skin reacts adversely to sunlight due to the presence of photodynamic agents. These agents could be from certain plants or chemicals ingested by the horse. As perplexing as it sounds, when light-skinned areas such as the muzzle, eyes, and legs are exposed to sunlight after such ingestion, severe skin reactions can occur. Symptoms include redness, swelling, and blisters, as witnessed by [Sarah in Texas](https://madbarn.ca/what-causes-photosensitivity-in-horses/). What Is Pastern Dermatitis? Commonly known as scratches or grease heel, pastern dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin typically on the lower legs. This condition arises from moisture, bacteria, or irritants and can be exacerbated in horses with photosensitized skin. It results in moist, crusty skin which, if left untreated, can lead to lameness. The Connection: Photosensitivity and Pastern Dermatitis Photosensitivity can make horses' skins more vulnerable, potentially leading to conditions like pastern dermatitis. This is especially true if the photosensitized skin is exposed to wet or muddy conditions, trapping moisture and causing severe irritation. Practical Management: Steps to Recovery Identify and Remove the Cause Firstly, it's crucial to identify and eliminate the source of the photodynamic substances. Some common culprits include alsike clover, buckwheat, and St. Johns wort. Once identified, remove the horse from these environments and switch to uncontaminated feed and pasture management. Protect from UV Light Immediate action involves minimizing UV exposure. This can be accomplished by stabling your horse during the day and allowing overnight turnout only. Consider utilizing full-body fly sheets and UV-protective masks. These measures are both practical and highly effective, as highlighted in the case of [Mikes mare in Kentucky](https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com). Mike found that consistent use of fly sheets greatly aided in his horse's recovery. Gentle Skin Care Routine Gently cleanse the affected areas with mild antiseptic soap, then pat dry completely. Avoid picking any scabs. Instead, apply topical treatments like corticosteroid creams or hydrating lotions to ease discomfort and assist healing. Medications and Veterinary Assistance If the condition doesn't improve with home care, consult your veterinarian. They might prescribe medications such as oral corticosteroids, pain relievers, or antibiotics to control infections. Preventing Pastern Dermatitis in Photosensitive Horses Prevention is often the best form of treatment. Ensure that your horse's environment is dry and clean. It's also beneficial to use barrier creams or specially designed protective gear like Silver Whinny socks to safeguard legs from moisture and UV exposure. What Other Horse Owners Have Learned Lisa from Florida successfully managed her Quarter Horse's condition by diligently cleaning her horse's legs and using zinc-based creams. Her experience, much like others, underscores the importance of consistent care routines. Daily Habits and Long-term Strategies Successful management involves a combination of protective gear, environmental adjustments, and attentive monitoring. Proactive measures like these enhance the overall health and happiness of your horseand reduce the need for vet visits. Regular Maintenance and Vigilance Regular checks for pasture toxic plants, managing moisture in the horse's environment, and ensuring UV protection all contribute towards prevention. Long-term liver support might be necessary for horses with recurring photosensitivity. When to Seek Veterinary Advice Always consult a veterinarian if you observe persistent lesions, significant discomfort, or signs of systemic health issues, such as appetite loss or swelling. Early intervention improves outcomes significantly. Conclusion: Prioritizing Equine Health Prevention and management of photosensitization and pastern dermatitis require vigilance and care. However, by following the steps outlined, supported by real-world success stories, you can help ensure your horse stays healthy and vibrant, fully ready to enjoy all the activities you love. Don't forget to check out our comprehensive collection of stable rugs and turnout rugs to keep your equine companion comfortable in any weather.```html```

Starting your first pony journey and want safety, welfare, and confidence without overwhelm? This guide shows you the core kit, welfare-first routines, and confidence boosters that work from BHS schools to family yards, including a 10-minute pre-ride grooming-and-fit check and the three essentialscertified hat, heeled boots, grippy legwearso you ride safer and feel ready from day one. Close your eyes and you can still smell the saddle soap, hear the soft thud of hooves on an indoor school, and feel that first ponys shaggy winter coat under your gloves. Our early rides shape who we become as horse people the habits we keep, the kit we trust, and the ponies well talk about forever.Key takeaway: Most UK riding journeys begin at a local riding school or Pony Club on a patient schoolmaster, and the ponies we remember most taught us safety, kindness, and feel. Honour that start with well-fitted safety kit, welfare-first routines, and a few special pieces that keep the memories alive.Where UK riding journeys often begin: a BHS-approved school, Pony Club, or a family yardIn the UK, a common starting point is a BHS-approved riding school or Pony Club session on a steady schoolmaster pony. These environments focus on safe foundations, confidence, and good habits that last a lifetime.Whether you first legged up on a Thelwell-type native or a kind-eyed cob, structured lessons and group rallies introduce core skills: mounting with care, balanced position, soft hands, and road sense. The British Horse Society (BHS) framework and qualified instructors help you learn safely, while Pony Club builds community and practical knowhow from grooming to tack checks. If your first experiences were at a family yard, the lessons were just as valuable patience, consistency, and the daily rhythm of feeding, mucking out, and turnout.Starting again as an adult? The same principles apply. Look for qualified instruction, welfare-led routines, and a calm, confidence-giving mount. A well-run yard and a genuine schoolmaster are worth their weight in gold when youre finding your feel.The ponies you never forget taught you clear lessons you still useWe tend to remember three types most: the saintly schoolmaster who kept us safe, the cheeky character who taught us to ride proactively, and the sensitive soul who taught us true feel. Each leaves its mark.The schoolmaster is the pony who showed you what correct feels like the balanced canter transition, the rhythm into a tiny cross pole, the confidence to hack on the buckle. The cheeky native made you ride every step: inside leg to outside hand, steady into the bridle, eyes up and plan the line. And then theres the sensitive one light in the mouth, forward-thinking, rewarding the rider who breathes, softens, and rides with empathy. Together, they turn you into a horseperson, not just a passenger.Our customers often say they measure every new horse against those first favourites. Its not nostalgia; its a benchmark of honesty, teachability, and trust.Safety kit turns first rides into happy memories, not near missesA properly fitted riding helmet, supportive boots, and grippy legwear are non-negotiables for new riders and returners. These pieces reduce risk, improve position, and help you focus on learning.Start with a certified hat from our curated range of riding helmets, fitted snugly and replaced after any impact. Pair it with secure, heeled footwear from our horse riding boots collection to keep your foot stable in the stirrup. For comfort and correct leg position, choose durable, stretchy legwear like our womens jodhpurs and breeches or childrens jodhpurs and breeches. If youll be hacking, add visibility with our rider hivis so youre seen sooner on lanes and bridleways.At Just Horse Riders, we recommend treating safety kit as essentials, not extras. Good gear lets you concentrate on your coachs voice and your ponys feedback, not on slipping reins or pinching boots.Pro tip: Book your hat and boot fit at a quiet time and bring the socks and hair arrangement you ride in. Fit under real conditions helps you avoid pressure points and distractions in the saddle.Daily care builds the bond you remember: grooming, time, and small routinesConsistent grooming, kind handling, and a calm routine create the connection that makes ponies unforgettable. Horses learn through repetition and so do we.Ten minutes with a body brush and rubber curry does more than clean; it builds trust and helps you spot heat, swelling, or sore patches early. A simple kit from our grooming range plus a gentle face brush gets you started. If your pony needed a little extra help during busy school weeks, targeted support from our supplements selection such as digestive or hoof support can complement good management. Always discuss significant dietary changes or clinical concerns with your vet; the British Equine Veterinary Association (BEVA) promotes evidence-led advice for welfare.Little rituals matter: a scratch in that favourite itchy spot, a calm voice when girthing, and a pocket treat after a job well done. If youre stocking up, browse riderapproved nibbles in our treats collection.Rugs and protection keep cherished ponies comfortable through British weatherChoose rugs and leg protection based on clip, condition, and weather, and check fit regularly to avoid rubs or chills. Comfort is about the horse in front of you, not the calendar.In wind and rain, turnout layering from our turnout rugs keeps a pony dry and content in the field; in stables, look to our stable rugs for warmth without bulk. Warmer months swap rain for midges and UV, so consider lightweight fly rugs for sensitive types. A well-fitting rug should sit smoothly at the shoulder, allow the pony to move freely, and lie flat along the back with even contact. Adjust chest closures so you can slide a flat hand between the rug and chest; recheck after exercise or changes in condition.If you have a favourite brand, we stock trusted lines from WeatherBeeta and Shires known for reliable cuts and durable fastenings that stand up to British seasons.Quick tip: Do a feel check under the rug at the shoulder and girth area daily. Youre looking for warm, dry skin not damp or tight and freedom of movement without friction.Gentle support for golden schoolmasters: boots, bandages, and thoughtful extrasUse protective boots and targeted support when workload or terrain justifies it, and keep everything clean and well-fitted. Less is more but the right protection makes a difference.For jumping lessons or stony tracks, explore our horse boots and bandages for tendon, fetlock, and brushing protection. Fit is key: fasten securely without pinching, and check for grit to prevent rubs. If your well-loved pony benefited from additional support, browse evidence-led options in our supplements range and trusted formulations from NAF. As BEVA reminds owners, management turnout, appropriate work, and body condition underpins any supplement plan.And never underestimate simple comforts: a soft headcollar for travel days, a breathable cooler after lessons, and a few minutes of hand-grazing to unwind. Small, consistent kindnesses are what ponies remember about us, too.Dressing for the milestones you still smile about: rallies, first shows, and rosettesChoose practical, tidy competition wear that helps you ride your best and feel the part. Confidence often starts with feeling prepared.Your first rosette or clear round probably came with a neatly plaited mane, polished boots, and a jacket that sat right. If youre reliving those days, our womens competition clothing offers breathable jackets, show shirts, and gloves designed for movement and all-day comfort. Add a touch of colour and coordination with rider favourites from LeMieux, known for technical fabrics and smart matchy sets that look sharp without compromising function.Keep the memories tangible, too a shadow box for that first ribbon, or a small keepsake from our gifts collection to celebrate the pony who started it all.Starting or restarting now? Heres a simple plan that worksBook a lesson with a qualified coach, assemble core safety kit, and build gradually with regular practice on confidence-giving horses. Consistency beats intensity.Look for BHS-approved yards with calm schoolmasters and clear welfare standards. Invest in foundational gear a certified hat, supportive boots, and comfortable legwear and add hivis for hacks. If youre kitting out on a budget, browse our value finds in the Secret Tack Room clearance or greatvalue staples from Gallop Equestrian. Keep sessions short, end on a win, and write notes after each ride. Those first quiet victories become the stories youll tell for years.Pro tip: Join a local adultrider group or clinic series. Shared milestones, friendly eyes on the ground, and regular dates in the diary make progress stick (and keep the joy in the journey).Share the pony you still think aboutEvery rider has one: the mare who looked after you, the pocket-rocket who made you brave, the steady cob who taught you to trust yourself. Write it down. Add a photo to your tack room. Tell the next generation about the pony who made you a rider and equip them well so their memories are just as good.If youre ready to honour that start with kit thats safe, comfortable, and built for British conditions, our team is here to help with sizing, fit, and practical recommendations from helmets and boots to seasonready turnout rugs and summer fly rugs.FAQsWhat basic riding kit do beginners need?Start with a certified, wellfitted riding helmet, heeled riding boots, and comfortable legwear like jodhpurs or breeches. Add gloves for grip and hivis for hacks. This foundation improves safety, position, and confidence from day one.How do I choose the right rug for my pony?Base rug choices on your ponys clip, condition, and weather, not just the date. Use turnout rugs for wet, windy fields, stable rugs for indoor warmth, and fly rugs in midge season. Check shoulder and wither fit, and feel under the rug daily to ensure skin is warm and dry, not clammy.What makes a good first pony for children?Look for a calm, honest temperament, suitable size, and a proven record in lessons or Pony Club. A schoolmaster who tolerates wobbles and rewards correct riding is ideal. Prioritise welfare and fit, and involve a qualified coach or BHS instructor when trialling.Should I use boots or bandages for everyday riding?Use protection when the work or terrain warrants it for example, brushing boots for schooling or tendon boots for jumping. Fit them clean and snug without pinching. Explore options in our horse boots and bandages collection and match them to your ponys workload.Which brands are reliable for rugs and everyday gear?Riders often trust WeatherBeeta and Shires for robust rugs, and LeMieux for technical, comfortable rider wear. Choose based on fit and function for your horse and riding style rather than labels alone.Can supplements help a hardworking school pony?Supplements can support specific needs alongside good management. Consider targeted options from our supplements range and reputable lines like NAF. For clinical concerns, consult your vet; BEVA promotes evidencebased choices tailored to the individual horse.How can I keep memories of my first pony alive?Create a simple keepsake: frame a photo and a rosette, write down your favourite lesson, or choose a small token from our gifts collection. Share your story with the next rider those tales inspire safe, kind, and joyful horsemanship. Quick Summary Short on time? Here are the key takeaways at a glance. Area: Starting OutWhat To Do: Begin at a reputable, welfare-led yard (ideally BHS-approved) with a calm schoolmaster and a qualified coach.Why It Matters: Safe foundations and clear instruction build confidence and good habits that last.Common Mistake: Choosing the cheapest or closest yard over qualified instruction.Area: Safety KitWhat To Do: Wear a certified, well-fitted helmet, heeled boots, and grippy legwear; add hi-vis for hacks.Why It Matters: Reduces risk, supports correct position, and lets you focus on learning.Common Mistake: Loose hat or riding in trainers.Area: Fit CheckWhat To Do: Book hat and boot fittings wearing your usual riding socks and hair setup.Why It Matters: Real-world fit prevents pressure points and distractions in the saddle.Common Mistake: Buying online without a proper fitting.Area: Riding BasicsWhat To Do: Practice mounting with care, balanced position, soft hands, and proactive riding every session.Why It Matters: Consistent basics create feel, control, and safety in all situations.Common Mistake: Being a passenger instead of riding each stride.Area: Grooming & CareWhat To Do: Build a calm routine with daily grooming and quick checks for heat, swelling, or soreness.Why It Matters: Strengthens the bond and catches problems early.Common Mistake: Skipping checks when short on time.Area: Rugs & FitWhat To Do: Choose rugs by clip, condition, and weather, and feel under the rug daily for comfort.Why It Matters: Correct fit prevents rubs, chills, and skin issues.Common Mistake: Rugging by calendar or leaving fit unchecked.Area: ProtectionWhat To Do: Use boots or bandages when the work or terrain warrants, fitted clean and snug.Why It Matters: Guards against knocks and rubs without overloading the leg.Common Mistake: Strapping too tight or using gear just in case.Area: Progress PlanWhat To Do: Take regular lessons, ride confidence-giving horses, keep sessions short, and end on a win.Why It Matters: Consistency beats intensity and builds lasting confidence.Common Mistake: Irregular practice or doing too much too soon.

Freedom, forage and friends these are the fundamental pillars of equine welfare, which are often referred to as the three Fs for horses.These basic horse care needs are essential for their physical and mental health. Horses need social interaction, access to constant grazing and unrestricted movement to replicate their natural lifestyle.When we think about our horses whether they are ponies, horses, leisure horses, or competition horses ultimately they, as a species, have a variety of needs that must be met to keep them healthy, both physically and mentally, says vet and animal behaviourist Dr Amber Batson, who founded Understand Animals in 2007, during a World Horse Welfare webinar.When we think about meeting things like the three Fs, we can consider how that concept helps us meet their basic needs things they require every day as well as how we can use it to add extra elements. Basic need meeting and enrichment are not the same thing, and that distinction is important.Basic needsHorses are a social species. They are more flight-driven than many other mammals. They value freedom to move away from threats, freedom to make choices, and freedom to communicate. They require 14 to 16 hours of ingestion of a high-fibre, low-sugar, low-starch diet.As a species, horses have evolved to eat and move, says Amber. They also need to eliminate waste and typically do so in specific areas before moving on. As a prey species, they do not tend to linger where they have defecated.They must be able to regulate their temperature. Horses are generally quite warm internally due to the fermentation of plant material. They also require opportunities for coat care, including rolling, scratching, and rubbing. Some of this serves a communicative function within the group and supports group cohesion, not just individual hygiene. Horses must also sleep and rest.FreedomThe concept of freedom covers both movement and choice. Horses require freedom from a host of basic needs, including hunger, thirst and pain. For stabled horses, considering their freedom to move is imperative, because they have evolved to move constantly. Their musculoskeletal system, circulation, digestion, respiratory system and hooves are designed for movement. Restricting it increases the risk of foot, locomotor, digestive, and respiratory disorders.Horses are not a species that stands still for long periods. They are almost constantly in motion, says Amber. Some studies suggest horses may move one hoof every 15 to 30 seconds on average, reflecting their home ranging and historical migratory tendencies.Restricting turnout is unavoidable at times, particularly in the UK during the wet and muddy winter months, but limiting movement can be detrimental to a horses physical and mental health. Therefore, alternative options should be explored.Alternatives to turnoutMovement opportunities might include riding, hand walking, or exploring different areas on a lead rope. Movement supports physical, emotional, sensory, and cognitive wellbeing, states Amber.Turnout does not have to mean pasture. There are many options: pasture-based systems, barn living, yard and shelter setups, or mixed systems. While many people feel constrained by local availability, caregivers can still ask what additional elements can be added, says Amber.We must also consider the quality of turnout. Muddy paddocks with no forage often result in horses standing still by the gate. Expanding the usable environment through attached pens, shelters, barns, or hard-standing areas can greatly increase continuous space. Even small increases in movement can be valuable.ForageNot only is providing a horse with a forage-led diet essential for their digestive health, but the act of encouraging them to forage is also very important.Foraging involves the use of lips, whiskers, tongue, and nose, allowing horses to discriminate between different plants. This seeking behaviour can be replicated even in stable environments, says Amber.Horses benefit from access to soil-based microflora. When soil access is limited, caregivers can hand-pick materials and incorporate them into forage. Spreading forage across multiple locations [think cafeteria style] encourages movement and natural behaviour.Patch-workingMethods such as strip grazing, patch-working pasture, and using varied substrates can help regulate forage intake while increasing movement.Patch-working is a way to restrict grazing without restricting movement, particularly useful in areas with obesity issues or unsuitable soil, explains Amber. It involves creating varied surfaces grass, carpet, straw, bark, fenced-off areas so horses must move more while grazing less. From above, it looks like a patchwork quilt.In non-grazing environments, forage can be provided in multiple small piles, low nets, or scattered areas. Repetitive browsing and tugging above chest height can increase physical strain on the jaw, neck and incisors ground-level feeding best reflects natural behaviour.FriendsHorses crave companionship, so ensuring they have access to friends is important for their physical and mental well-being as well as to ensure they feel safe. Being herd-orientated animals, horses rely on other horses for security.Stable design should allow horses to see, hear, and smell one another, but compatibility matters, says Amber.Introductions should ideally begin with scent, then visual contact with barriers. Double barriers can be helpful. Introductions should occur in familiar terrain, with corners and obstacles minimised. Resources should be maximised.Horses can have play dates, adjacent turnout, mutual grooming over barriers, shared hand walks, enrichment activities together, or scent exchanges through brushings or swapped droppings.Think outside the boxThere are many ways to offer the three Fs, even when horses are moderately or significantly restricted, concludes Amber. Whether we own or rent space, or have full or part livery, there are always options if we think creatively.Freedom, friends, and forage offer many possibilities. We need to keep thinking outside the box and truly give all the Fs.World Horse Welfare Wednesday Webinars are free to watch. Find out more and view previous episodes here.Main image ShutterstockAbout the expertDr Amber Batson is a vet, animal behaviourist and the founder of Understand Animals in the UK. Amber graduated from the Royal Veterinary College in London in 1999 and has worked in clinical vet practice ever since.She has a particular interest in the links between animal behaviour and health and set up Understand Animals in 2007 to provide a bridge between current science and its practical application to help animals living their lives alongside humans.Related contentHow do horses sleep? Experts explainThis is why feeding a horse from the floor is best practiceCafeteria-style feeding and its important role in a horses diet explained *Video*How to tell if a horse is happy: 13 signs to look forThe post How to provide a stabled horse with the three Fs (and why its so important that you do) appeared first on Your Horse.

Do you ever find yourself feeling unsure on the approach to a fence and that perfect take-off spot tricky to find? Its a common problem, but we have good news it can be fixed. The way to avoid panicking is to plan ahead. You need to be set up with the right canter and a clear decision about your route to the fence and beyond before you turn the corner and approach.Commit to the fenceAccording to Will Fletcher, who is the eldest son of showjumping legends Tina and Graham Fletcher and who has made several senior Nations Cups appearances, committing to the fence and riding proactively is key.Its much better to make a decision and commit, because most of the time itll come out well.Even if the horse doesnt end up meeting the fence perfectly, riding with purpose is much better than getting in a muddle and backing off, he explains. You cant fix a poor approach in the last couple of strides.RelaxI often see horses get strong when the rider is a little bit tense and is holding the contact too much, says Will. Again, planning is key. Its harder to feel nervous if you know whats coming. Then, as you come around the corner, take a deep breath and relax your shoulders, elbows and hands to help remove some of that tension.Leg to hand connectionAnother thing to consider is your leg to hand connection, adds Will. If you forget about your leg and just pull, the horse will go against the contact. If you keep a little bit of leg on and hold the contact in a soft way with relaxed shoulders and hands you wont get stuck in a battle of wills, because this will ask your horse to maintain the power but shorten his stride. In this way the horse stays with you rather than running against your hand.Confidence in the canterSome riders lose confidence on the approach to a fence, which affects the quality of the canter and the take-off point. Work on keeping a bigger canter around the corner and on the approach, advises Will. When a rider doesnt trust their eye it makes them cautious and they come to the fence a bit slow, then a few strides out they over-push to make up for the loss of power.Approaching in a slower canter means that you dont have enough energy in the gait to adjust it. If you start in a bigger canter in a regular rhythm you then have the option to either contain or push, which makes the approach much smoother.Seeing a strideFor riders lacking confidence in their ability to see a good stride, Will recommends training their over poles.Sometimes its the pressure of having to jump a fence that puts riders off, he says. My advice is to forget jumping and work over poles instead.Once you can keep a good quality canter to a pole and meet it on the right stride, its really no different when the poles become fences. The distances and pace all remain the same all that changes is your position over what is now a jump.Place poles at randomYou dont need to set up the poles in any kind of formation randomly on the ground around the arena or field is fine. Riding planned routes over them with the aim of keeping a strong, forward canter rhythm and playing with lengthening and shortening the stride will soon have you meeting poles on the right stride every time, says Will. Once you can do this, youll have a quality, adjustable canter to use over fences and the knowledge that you can find a stride.Keep it cleanWhen a horse chips in a half-stride in front of a fence, it is usually down to rider error, states Will, and the solution is polework every time. The random pole exercise [above] will assist and repetition is key, he says. This really helps you to analyse where you went wrong and to make adjustments to your riding.Canter poles before a fence are always good, but its best to wait for your trainer to help and oversee you so you know that they are set up correctly. Really, though, you can put poles anywhere in any sized arena and practise all the skills you need.Main image by Sally Newcomb Your Horse Library. NB This is a stock image and Will Fletcher is not pictured riding.Related contentFEI coach explains how to stop a horse chipping in a stride when jumpingWill Fletchers exercises to improve the quality of your horses strides when jumpingJump out of trot to test rider balance and build trust with this exercise from Piggy MarchJoe Stockdales exercises to stop a horse drifting between fencesThe post Will Fletchers advice for nailing the approach to a fence every time appeared first on Your Horse.

In recent years, states across the U.S. have seen increased legalization of medical and recreational cannabis. But humans arent the only ones experiencing the benefits of the non-high-inducing, therapeutic component of the plant, called cannabidiol (or CBD for short). Equine CBD use has many benefits, as well.By the end of 2026, U.S. sales on pet CBD products are expected to hit $1.1 billion. While more than three-quarters of the CBD-related pet products purchased in 2021 were bought for dogs, horses are getting in on the action, too. Horse owners are using CBD products to address: Inflammation Arthritis Respiratory issues Allergies Pain (acute and chronic) Immune system issues Anxiety Stress/trauma Gastrointestinal problems (ulcers, leaky gut, et cetera)Photo by Viktoria Makarova/Adobe StockWhy CBD Works in EquinesAll mammals have an endocannabinoid system (ECS) located throughout the body, which helps the nervous and immune systems self-regulate and communicate. The ECS searches out instability and seeks to return the body to a balanced state.CBD acts on cannabinoid receptors in the brain, organs, and the immune system, allowing the ECS to be more productive in coping with instabilities such as inflammation, pain, anxiety, immune deficiencies, digestive disturbances, and more.CBD is one of the most common cannabinoids found in cannabis plants, which include both hemp and marijuana. Hemp has 0.3 percent or less THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), which is the cannabinoid in marijuana that causes the sensations of being high.There are different ways to extract CBD from plants, with CO2 extraction being the purest. Chemical extraction methods may use toxic chemicals, making this method undesirable. Reputable manufacturers will note their extraction method.Forms and DosageCBD products for horses are sold as pellets, powders, and oils. To avoid contamination from chemicals, heavy metals, or other soil toxins, choose products made in the U.S. or Canada from organically grown hemp. Check websites for a Certificate of Analysis (COA) showing the product has been third-party tested and is free of THC, heavy metals, mold, et cetera.CBD products for horses are most commonly sold in one of three forms: pellets, powder, or oil. Photo by Irina Evva/Adobe StockIf the product has a NASC quality seal, this guarantees the product was made by a member of the National Animal Supplement Council, so you can feel confident it contains what the label states.Dosage depends on the horses weight and the specific condition being addressed. The most common doses in pharmacokinetic studies for a 1,000-pound horse would be 225 to 1,350 mg of CBD oil once or twice daily. Thus far, only one study has shown increased liver values with these doses. More research on long-term use is needed.The dose can be adjusted up or down depending on how the horse responds. Although positive effects may be seen within days, it may take up to two weeks to see obvious benefits.Any side effects are typically mild. Current research has not identified effects on mental activity or GI effects in the short term, but long-term safety is unknown.Consider the ResearchIn a recent study at the University of Messina in Italy, hemp oil was added to the protocol of horses with joint osteoarthritis who were already being treated with phenylbutazone (bute). The group of horses receiving CBD oil had a significant reduction in heart rate, respiratory rate, white blood cell count, and oxidative stress. Those horses also scored lower in the Horse Chronic Pain Scale (HCPS), showing improved pain relief and quality of life.The good news is that the outcome of pharmacokinetic research has been quite consistent despite different CBD products, doses, horse populations studied, and research groups, says Taralyn McCarrel, DVM, who was an Assistant Professor at the University of Florida when the school conducted CBD research on horses in 2021. She is currently an Associate Professor of Large Animal Surgery at the Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph. In research, one study never stands alone as the answerwe like to see broad consistency across studies to confirm results.McCarrel says current published literature supports these general conclusions: Oral CBD has poor absorption from the GI tract (very little of what we give ends up in bloodstream circulation). The acid forms of cannabinoids (CBDA) are better absorbed, but potential clinical effects of these need more investigation. THC can be detected despite being in low concentrations in hemp oils, and the 7-COOH CBD metabolite remains detectable in the circulation for longer than other metabolites tested.She points out that despite hemp oil having less than 0.3 percent THC as required by law to qualify as a hemp oil, horses in the University of Florida study, whether given lower or higher doses, had detectable levels of THCA(the acidic form of THC).While the CBD and many other metabolites were eliminated from the bloodstream quickly and became undetectable, the 7-COOH-CBD metabolite remained at high levels throughout our sampling window, says McCarrel, who still holds Courtesy Faculty status at the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine.Should Your Horse Try CBD? Many horse owners are using CBD products, and there are plenty of products on the market. That said, McCarrel points out three major areas that should give owners pause.The first is that we dont know much more than we know, she says. Based on the current literature, it appears that low doses of CBD have minimal effects in the short term, but the safe and effective dose for any particular indication is not known, and long-term safety of any dose is not known.The second major issue is that CBD products can differ based on the species and characteristics of the plant, McCarrel continues. There is currently no regulatory control of these products at the federal level, and patchy to nonexistent regulation at the state level. So, its a buyer beware environment at present.Finally, for performance horses, its important to know the regulations of whatever organization the horse may compete under and be aware that these products are banned by several of them, she says. Cannabinoids are banned by the FEI [Fdration Equestre Internationale]. CBD and THC are also prohibited in Thoroughbred racing in the United States, with THC being in a higher class than CBD for racehorses. Owners and veterinarians need to be mindful of the risk of detection of prohibited substances in horses competing in regulated sports.Regulatory StatusMcCarrel notes that the regulatory environment for CBD products is currently in a state of limbo. Given that we are still in the infancy of CBD research in horses, and the very long and expensive process required to achieve FDA [Food and Drug Administration] approval for pharmaceuticals, I would not expect to see an FDA-approved pharmaceutical labeled for use in horses anytime soon, says McCarrel.She explains that on the human side, many CBD producers have asked for regulation as a food supplement, which is less expensive and rigorous, but it would provide some regulatory control over quality.The FDAs position is that they have no path for regulation of CBD as a supplement because CBD is an active ingredient in an approved pharmaceutical for treatment of certain seizure disorders in people, and food supplements cannot contain approved pharmaceutical products, notes McCarrel. So other than an approved pharmaceutical, which does not exist in veterinary medicine at present, the CBD market is effectively unregulated.Due to this lack of regulation, it falls on horse owners to do their homework and choose CBD products made by reputable companies. Since state laws vary regarding the use of CBD products, check your states regulations before purchase.This article about equine CBD appeared in the January/February 2025 issue of Horse Illustratedmagazine.Click here to subscribe!The post Exploring Equine CBD appeared first on Horse Illustrated Magazine.