eNAD and EDM are clinically indistinguishable. | Shelley PaulsonVitamin Eresponsive neurologic conditions such as equine neuroaxonal dystrophy (eNAD) and equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (EDM) can affect horses long before obvious clinical signs appear. Both disorders can be linked to inadequate vitamin E intake during critical periods and can compromise balance, coordination, and performance.During a table topic session at the 2025 American Association of Equine Practitioners Convention, held Dec. 610, in Denver, Colorado, two veterinary equine internal medicine specialists discussed eNAD and EDM and how vitamin E plays a role in these diseases. Carrie Finno, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVIM, professor of veterinary genetics and the Gregory L. Ferraro endowed director at the University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, and Amy Johnson, DVM, Dipl. ACVIM, professor of large animal internal medicine and neurology and section chief of internal medicine and ophthalmology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicines New Bolton Center, in Kennett Square led the conversation.Johnson started out by reviewing some basic facts regarding eNAD/EDM, noting the two conditions are clinically indistinguishable, but affect different parts of the central nervous system. Affected horses suffer loss of neuromuscular function due to premature death of neurons, similar to Alzheimers and Parkinsons disease, she said. Diagnosing eNAD/EDM in HorsesJohnson presented the case of Sheldon, a 10-year-old successful hunter that had been purchased at 4 years old. Over the years his owners noticed a slow, progressive decline in performance, primarily presenting as bad behavior. He began stopping at fences, but this progressed to refusals that became more explosive with bucking, spinning, and spooking.His veterinarian noticed slowly progressive ataxia (incoordination) and altered demeanor.Johnson described this as a typical presentation for eNAD/EDM, yet achieving a diagnosis in a live horse like this is difficult. If it was simple, we would run vitamin E levels and supplement horses with low levels, said Johnson. But 80% of horses with clinical signs of eNAD/EDM have adequate vitamin E levels at the time of presentation, meaning that a normal vitamin E level doesnt exclude the possibility of disease.Bedford et al. (2013) previously found abnormal type I muscle fibers on tail head muscle (sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis) biopsy, which prompted Johnson to explore the tail head as a proxy for an eNAD/EDM brain biopsy.Tail head muscle biopsies are more effective than just measuring blood vitamin E, but we still only see 44% of horses with eNAD/EDM and tail head muscle changes, which is nowhere close to 100%, said Johnson. The retina is another place veterinarians can look to make a diagnosis of eNAD/EDM. Accumulation of pigment at the tapetal/nontapetal junction (in the back of the eye) indicates a horse is vitamin Edeficient, said Finno. This may not work as well for younger horses as they dont have time to accumulate pigment.New Information on Testing for Vitamin E in HorsesEven though vitamin E levels can be normal in horses with eNAD/EDM, both Johnson and Finno recommended testing suspect cases.They agreed that either serum or plasma vitamin E testing is appropriate but encouraged veterinarians to pick one type of sample and stick to it. Most importantly, veterinarians must discard hemolyzed samples (where the red blood cells have broken down) to avoid inaccurate results.Their other tips included:Storing serum upright without letting the sample touch the red stopperKeeping the sample refrigerated or frozen (do not repeatedly freeze/thaw) and protected from lightConsistently using the same laboratory, especially for follow-up evaluationsNot taking a few representative samples from a larger herdEven if a horse has an adequate blood level of vitamin E, if they have clinical signs of neuromuscular disease, those levels are obviously not adequate and supplemental vitamin E is needed, said Johnson.Tips for Supplementing Horses Using Vitamin EVeterinarians consider natural alpha-tocopherol the clinically relevant form of vitamin E. Synthetic forms, advertised as all-rac or dl-alpha-tocopherol, show low bioavailability in horses. Finno and Johnson recommended starting horses with neuromuscular disease on liquid alpha-tocopherol because it is twice as bioavailable as pellets or powders.Finno recommended supplementing with 10 international units per kilogram (IU/kg), the equivalent of 5,000 IU for an average 500 kg horse. With the liquid formulation at this level, vitamin E levels will increase within one week, said Finno. With the powder/pelleted natural form of vitamin E, it will take approximately eight weeks to increase vitamin E blood levels. In some cases with severe deficiencies and clinical signs, Johnson recommended starting with 10,000 IU alpha-tocopherol per day and then decreasing the dose when blood levels return to the target range. However, both Johnson and Finno encourage veterinarians to recheck vitamin E levels within a few weeks.Some horses do not respond appropriately (clinical improvement) to vitamin E supplementation. Finno said these horses could have a low-grade inflammatory bowel disease that decreases absorption of vitamin E. Owners should work closely with their veterinarians to investigate causes of malabsorption.Take-Home MessageEquine neuroaxonal dystrophy and equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy can quietly undermine a horses performance long before obvious neurologic deficits emerge, and normal blood vitamin E levels do not rule them out in a horse. Early recognition of clinical signs, careful handling and interpretation of vitamin E test results, and timely supplementation with bioavailable alpha-tocopherol remain key tools for managing suspect cases and supporting equine neurologic health.

On Jan. 18, a yearling Thoroughbred filly in Fairfax County, Virginia, tested positive for equine herpesvirus-4 (EHV-4), the respiratory form of the disease. The filly had been shipped to Virginia from Kentucky on Jan. 16. Two days later, she developed clinical signs of colic and was shipped to a referral hospital for evaluation, where low-grade fever and mucopurulent nasal discharge were also noted.The filly was admitted to an isolation facility for treatment and monitoring and is currently recovering.EDCC Health Watch is an Equine Network marketing program that utilizes information from the Equine Disease Communication Center (EDCC) to create and disseminate verified equine disease reports. TheEDCCis an independent nonprofit organization that is supported by industry donations in order to provide open access to infectious disease information.EHV 101Herpesvirus is highly contagious among horses and can cause a variety of ailments in equids, including rhinopneumonitis (a respiratory disease usually found in young horses), abortion in broodmares, and EHM.In many horses, the first or only sign of EHV-1 infection is fever, which can go undetected.In addition to fever, other common signs of EHV-1 infection in young horses include cough, decreased appetite, depression, and a nasal discharge. Pregnant mares typically show no signs of infection before they abort, and abortions usually occur late in gestation (around eight months) but can be earlier. Abortions can occur anywhere from two weeks to several months following infection with EHV-1.Horses with EHM usually have a fever at the onset of the disease and might show signs of a respiratory infection. A few days later, neurologic signs such as ataxia (incoordination), weakness or paralysis of the fore- and hind limbs, urine retention and dribbling, loss of tail tone, and recumbency (inability to rise) develop.Herpesvirus is easily spread by nose-to-nose or close contact with an infectious horse; sharing contaminated equipment including bits, buckets, and towels; or clothing, hands, or equipment of people who have recently had contact with an infectious horse.Routine biosecurity measures, including hygiene and basic cleaning and disinfection practices, should be in place at all times to help prevent disease spread.Current EHV-1 vaccines might reduce viral shedding but are not protective against the neurologic form of the disease. Implementing routine biosecurity practices is the best way to minimize viral spread, and the best method of disease control is disease prevention.

A 27-year-old draft cross gelding has tested positive for salmonellosis following colic surgery at an equine hospital in Loudoun County, Virginia.After several days of low-grade colic management on his farm in Montgomery County, Maryland, beginning Jan. 29, the gelding was referred to the hospital, where he underwent surgery for a colon displacement and impaction. Routine fecal cultures submitted after the procedure confirmed salmonellosis. The horse is currently recovering.EDCC Health Watch is an Equine Network marketing program that utilizes information from the Equine Disease Communication Center (EDCC) to create and disseminate verified equine disease reports. TheEDCCis an independent nonprofit organization that is supported by industry donations in order to provide open access to infectious disease information.About SalmonellosisSalmonellosis is a contagious and zoonotic bacterial infection caused bySalmonella spp, which causes enterocolitis. Clinically normal horses can transiently shed Salmonella, with shedding more common during:Concurrent illness: antibacterial usage, physiological disturbanceStress: transportation, social, nutritionalGastrointestinal disturbance: motility (especially colic), feed changeClinical signs of salmonellosis include diarrhea, fever, lethargy, anorexia, colic, localized infection, sepsis and septic shock. Foals are commonly more seriously affected with profound systemic illness, including hemorrhagic diarrhea, pneumonia, meningitis, inflammation of growth plate and septic arthritis.Treatment of the severe form of salmonellosis is based on IV fluid and electrolyte replacement and efforts to control the hosts responses initiated by the systemic inflammatory response.Prevention of salmonellosis is difficult, because the organism is present in the environment as well as in the feces of some healthy animals. Isolation and increased biosecurity are needed to prevent spread of the disease.

One horse at a boarding facility in Montgomery County, Maryland, tested positive for strangles after developing clinical signs on Jan. 20, including fever and nasal discharge. Four other horses at the facility have shown clinical signs of strangles, includingfever, nasal discharge, and guttural pouch empyema, but have so far tested negative on PCR of guttural pouch fluid.EDCC Health Watch is an Equine Network marketing program that utilizes information from the Equine Disease Communication Center (EDCC) to create and disseminate verified equine disease reports. TheEDCCis an independent nonprofit organization that is supported by industry donations in order to provide open access to infectious disease information.About StranglesStranglesin horses is an infection caused byStreptococcus equisubspeciesequiand spread through direct contact with other equids or contaminated surfaces. Horses that arent showing clinical signs can harbor and spread the bacteria, and recovered horses remain contagious for at least six weeks, with the potential to cause outbreaks long-term.Infected horses can exhibit a variety of clinical signs:FeverSwollen and/or abscessed lymph nodesNasal dischargeCoughing or wheezingMuscle swellingDifficulty swallowingVeterinarians diagnose horses using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing with either a nasal swab, wash, or an abscess sample, and they treat most cases based on clinical signs, implementing antibiotics for severe cases. Overuse of antibiotics can prevent an infected horse from developing immunity. Most horses make a full recovery in three to four weeks.A vaccine is available but not always effective. Biosecurity measures of quarantining new horses at a facility and maintaining high standards of hygiene and disinfecting surfaces can helplower the risk of outbreakorcontain one when it occurs.

10 min read Last updated: January 2026 If your horse tenses at new smells or mixed signals, subtle scents and outdated kit can quietly turn a ride risky. Learn to steady behaviour and meet 2025 UK rules60-second calm-breathing, familiar scent routines, and the exact standards (EN 13158:2018 Level 2 from 1 Feb 2025; EN 17353 hi-vis)so youre safer, seen, and connected. Quick Summary Short on time? Here are the key takeaways. Area: Manage Your Scent What To Do: Before handling, spend 60 seconds on slow breathing (4 seconds in, 68 out) and, if youve rushed, wash hands and face. Keep grooming products and routines consistent day-to-day. Why It Matters: Fear-related human odours raise equine vigilance and reactivity, undermining safety and connection. Common Mistake: Arriving hot and sweaty then handling immediately, broadcasting stress cues. Area: Introduce Scents Gradually What To Do: Present new odours at low intensity and pair them with calm, rewarding work. Only increase exposure when your horse stays relaxed, and avoid stacking changes on stressful days. Why It Matters: Novel smells can trigger caution and elevated heart rate; gradual exposure builds positive associations. Common Mistake: Applying strong essential oils or predator scents suddenly and close to the horse. Area: Standardise Tack Scent What To Do: Clean and condition leather regularly and dry tack promptly to keep a neutral, familiar aroma. Store gear aired, not damp, to prevent odd smells. Why It Matters: A familiar scent picture helps horses settle and focus, reducing unnecessary tension. Common Mistake: Leaving tack damp so it mildews and smells unfamiliar between rides. Area: Flavour Feed Wisely What To Do: Add a tiny amount of anise to feed and increase over 23 stages across a week. Trial flavours during quiet periods and keep everything else in the routine unchanged. Why It Matters: Horses prefer anise-scented feeds, so flavour can boost palatability and intake. Common Mistake: Dumping in strong flavour overnight or changing feed during a stressful week. Area: Body Protector 2025 What To Do: For racing from 1 Feb 2025 (racecourses) and 1 Jun 2025 (licensed yards), use EN 13158:2018 Level 2+ with a BETA mark and check sternum and tailbone coverage. Replace after a major fall or if foam is compressed or cracked. Why It Matters: Compliance delivers modern impact protection and meets updated BHA rules. Common Mistake: Relying on an old, poorly fitting or damaged body protector. Area: Riding Hat Standards What To Do: Choose a hat marked PAS015:2011, VG1 01.040 2014-12 or ASTM F1163:2015, fitted snug with the harness adjusted to the two-finger rule and the brim level. Treat any hat dropped onto a hard surface as compromised. Why It Matters: Equestrian-certified hats manage the specific forces of falls and satisfy BHS checks. Common Mistake: Using cycling/motorbike lids or wearing a loose, tipped-back hat. Area: Hi-Vis for Hacking What To Do: Wear EN 17353:2020 hi-vis (tabard/jacket) and fit leg bands on the horse; add LEDs in low light and use contrasting colours. Keep garments clean for maximum reflectivity. Why It Matters: Improved conspicuity helps drivers detect you earlier in Britains variable light. Common Mistake: Letting hi-vis get muddy or faded and expecting it to work. Area: Whip Size Rules What To Do: For BHS assessments, use a 4575 cm jumping whip with a padded end, or a flatwork whip up to 99 cm. Ensure its unweighted, smooth, and in good condition. Why It Matters: Correct dimensions and construction prevent eliminations and ensure humane use. Common Mistake: Borrowing an oversized or weighted whip without checking length and tip. In This Guide Can horses smell your emotions? Will your scent change how your horse handles and performs? Do smells change what your horse wants to eat? What body protector standard do you need for UK racing in 2025? What riding hat standard does the BHS expect and how should it fit? Which hi-vis should UK leisure riders wear for hacking? What should you wear for winter hacking in Britain? What whip dimensions are allowed in BHS showjumping and flatwork? Your horse lives in a scented world. From reading your mood to choosing their dinner, smell quietly shapes behaviour, safety and performance every day you ride.Key takeaway: Horses respond to human odours and unfamiliar scents, and UK safety rules for 2025 set clear standards for helmets, body protectors and hi-vis get your kit and your handling right for calmer, safer rides.Can horses smell your emotions?Yes controlled studies show horses detect fear in human sweat and change their behaviour accordingly. When exposed to fear-related human odours, horses startle more, avoid interaction and show higher arousal.In research led by Plotine Jardat (Institut Franais du Cheval et de lEquitation), horses handled by people wearing sweat pads containing human fear scent were significantly more vigilant, more easily startled in suddenness tests and interacted less with humans than controls. As the authors put it:These results highlight the significance of chemosignals in interspecific interactions These findings have practical implications regarding the significance of handlers emotional states and its transmission through odours during human-horse interactions. Jardat et al., PLOS One; reported by Horse & HoundOlfaction guides much more than humanhorse interaction. Horses can distinguish individual competitors among herd mates by the smell of their faeces, and chemical profiles even differ among breeds and reflect kinship. That sensitivity is why your stress level, your shampoo and your stable environment all quietly influence your horse.Quick tip: Aim to handle and ride in a calm, consistent state and keep a steady yard scent by sticking to the same grooming kit and tack care routine. A tidy, familiar-smelling horse is easier to settle and focus. Explore everyday essentials in our grooming collection.Will your scent change how your horse handles and performs?Yes fear-related human odours make horses more reactive and less willing to approach, which can derail groundwork, loading and schooling. Keeping yourself physiologically calm improves safety and connection.Before catching or tacking up, take 60 seconds to lower your arousal: slow exhale breathing (4 seconds in, 68 seconds out) and soft eyes. If youve just rushed from work or a workout, wash your hands and face; strong sweat odours can cue vigilance. Artificial scents (soap, deodorant) may partially mask fear odours, which can help in the moment, but remember that familiarity also reassures horses keep your routine consistent across days.Unknown smells can trigger caution. Novel odours such as eucalyptus oil or predator cues (e.g., wolf urine used in some deterrents) can produce vigilance and raised heart rate. Introduce any new scent gradually, at low intensity, and pair it with calm, positive experiences (loose rein, scratching favourite spots, tiny tasks for easy wins) to create good associations.Pro tip: Standardise the scent picture of your tack. Regular leather care maintains a familiar, neutral aroma and reduces the mix of odd smells that can crop up when kit sits damp between rides.Do smells change what your horse wants to eat?Yes when offered a choice, horses sniff and eat anise-scented oats first and in larger amounts than unscented controls. Scent can be a powerful tool for picky or anxious eaters.In controlled preference tests, anise oil was consistently chosen and consumed ahead of corn-oil-scented or plain feeds. Thats useful when changing rations, masking a supplement or encouraging a horse to eat during routine disruptions. Start with a tiny amount of anise scent and build slowly so you dont overwhelm sensitive horses.At Just Horse Riders, we recommend introducing any feed flavour in 23 stages over a week and pairing it with an otherwise unchanged routine. For palatability and targeted nutrition, see our horse supplements, and for positive reinforcement in groundwork, browse high-value options in our treats.Quick tip: Trial a new flavour during a quiet, low-stress period rather than straight after clipping, worming or moving stables, when odour and routine changes are already stacking up.What body protector standard do you need for UK racing in 2025?From 1 February 2025 on racecourses (and 1 June 2025 in licensed yards), BHA rules require body protectors to meet (BS) EN 13158:2018 at Level 2 or higher. This elevates the minimum protection for all riders on racecourse property or under licensed trainers.The British Horseracing Authoritys update keeps pace with modern impact science and aligns with the UKs leadership in safety standards. As Dr Jerry Hill, BHA Chief Medical Adviser, explains:Activities involving horses will always carry an element of risk, which is why its essential that we keep pace with advances in the development of safety equipment and provide the highest level of protection for racings workforce. BHA press releaseLook for the BETA approval mark as proof of independent quality testing to EN 13158. The British Equestrian Trade Association (BETA) confirms: The BETA standard for Body and shoulder protectors is recognised as the world wide industry standard. For non-racing activities, Level 3 offers enhanced protection and is the wise default for schooling, hacking and jumping on most yards.Fit matters as much as the label: the front should cover the sternum, the back should protect to the top of the tailbone without catching the saddle, and you must be able to adopt a two-point position without the vest riding up. Replace after any major fall or if the foam becomes compressed or cracked.What riding hat standard does the BHS expect and how should it fit?For BHS assessments, riding hats must meet current safety standards and fit securely, with accepted marks including PAS015:2011, VG1 01.040 2014-12 and ASTM F1163:2015. Cycling or motorbike helmets are not suitable because theyre not tested for equestrian impacts.BHS examiners will check your hats standard label and fit before you mount. Your hat should be snug without pressure points, the harness adjusted so you can just fit two fingers under the chin, and the brim level not tipped back. If you compete or clinic, double-check organiser rules; some disciplines require specific kitemarks or ban older standards.At Just Horse Riders, we stock modern shells and dial-fit options so you can fine-tune comfort without compromising protection. Start with our curated riding helmets collection, and if youre building a compliant show wardrobe, pair your hat with smart, durable pieces from our womens competition clothing.Quick tip: After any drop from standing height onto a hard surface, treat your hat as compromised even if it looks fine. The energy-absorbing liner can be damaged invisibly.Which hi-vis should UK leisure riders wear for hacking?For UK leisure riding, choose hi-vis certified to EN 17353:2020; professional users (e.g., on the road at work) require EN ISO 20471. The British Horse Society recommends at least a rider tabard or jacket and horse leg bands for visibility in variable UK conditions.Daylight in Britain is unpredictable drizzle, low sun and heavy cloud can all make you hard to spot, even at midday. EN 17353 garments balance visibility and comfort for leisure riders, while EN ISO 20471 is the heavier-duty standard for professional use. Combine a hi-vis vest with contrast-colour gear on the horse so drivers recognise the equine shape, not just a moving fluorescent block.Add lighting in low light or woodland: a small helmet light improves conspicuity, and clip-on LEDs on breastplates, tail guards or boots add movement cues motorists notice earlier. Build your set-up from our hi-vis collection for riders and add reflective bands or boots from horse boots & bandages to highlight limb motion.Pro tip: Keep hi-vis clean. Mud and fading dramatically reduce reflectivity wash regularly and replace when the fabric dulls or the tape cracks.What should you wear for winter hacking in Britain?Wear layered, non-flapping, waterproof kit with hi-vis, and choose grippy, weatherproof footwear for safety in rain, wind and short daylight. Prioritise quiet fabrics and secure closures so your horse isnt startled by flapping coats.A breathable base layer, warm mid-layer and a waterproof outer keep you warm without rustle. Gloves with tactile grip help you keep a soft, elastic contact in drizzle. On your legs, technical breeches that shed rain and dry fast are worth their weight on a long loop. For secure, mud-ready footing on the yard and in the stirrup, pick supportive boots with a defined heel and reliable tread. Explore durable options in our womens jodhpurs & breeches and our riding boots.Dont forget your horse: a waterproof turnout for post-ride turnout helps keep muscles warm as temperatures swing and showers blow through. Browse proven, weather-ready choices in our turnout rugs.Quick tip: Choose longer coats designed for riding with rear vents or two-way zips; avoid loose ponchos that can lift in a gust and spook a sensitive horse.What whip dimensions are allowed in BHS showjumping and flatwork?For BHS Stage assessments, showjumping whips must be 4575 cm (1730 inches) with a smooth, shock-absorbing padded end. Flatwork schooling whips must not exceed 99 cm (39 inches).Additional rules apply: no weighting, hard points or sharp edges, and the shaft and keeper must be compliant and in good condition. Keep your whip clean and stored straight so it doesnt crack or warp. Check organiser rules before competitions; some venues adopt discipline-specific wording that mirrors these limits but adds brand or design details.Pro tip: If you borrow a whip at a venue, measure against your forearm before entering the ring; last-minute eliminations for length are avoidable.Putting it together: Ride calm, smell familiar, be seen and be protected. Standardise the scents you and your tack carry, introduce new odours slowly, and bring your kit up to the latest UK standards before the season starts. If you need help choosing the right helmet, hi-vis or winter layers, our team at Just Horse Riders is here to help by phone, chat or email.FAQsWhy do horses react negatively to certain human smells?Because they detect chemosignals linked to fear in human sweat, which raises their vigilance and reduces willingness to approach. Studies using sweat pads show more startle responses and higher arousal when horses are exposed to fear-related human odours; see the summary in Horse & Hound.Can smells influence horse feeding behaviour?Yes. In preference tests, horses sniffed and ate anise-scented oats first significantly more often than controls and consumed greater quantities. Use flavour strategically and introduce gradually; our supplements and treats can help with palatability.What safety standards apply to UK riding hats?For BHS assessments and most UK riding, look for current standards such as PAS015:2011, VG1 01.040 2014-12 or ASTM F1163:2015 and ensure a secure fit. Avoid cycling or motorbike helmets theyre not tested for equestrian falls. See our vetted options in riding helmets.When do the new body protector rules start in UK racing?From 1 February 2025 on racecourses and 1 June 2025 for those riding or handling under licensed trainers, with a minimum of Level 2 to (BS) EN 13158:2018. Full details are in the BHA announcement.Is hi-vis required for UK hacking?BHS strongly recommends it. For leisure riders, choose EN 17353:2020 garments (tabard/jacket for the rider plus leg bands for the horse) and add LEDs in low light. Build your set from our hi-vis range and leg bands and reflective boots.Do artificial human scents affect horses?Perfumes, deodorants and shampoos can mask natural odours (including fear), potentially reducing negative responses in the moment. Balance that with the value of familiarity: keep your routine and product choices consistent so your horse recognises you.Whats the best way to introduce new odours to my horse?Go low and slow. Present a tiny amount at a distance, pair with calm handling and a simple, rewarding task, and only increase intensity when your horse stays relaxed. Avoid stacking changes on stressful days. Shop the Essentials Everything mentioned in this guide, ready to browse. Shop Riding HelmetsShop Hi-Vis GearShop Grooming KitShop SupplementsShop Horse Treats

Allen & Page has issued an urgent recall of two batches of its Fast Fibre feed, stressing that horse owners should not feed the product due to an ingredient issue.The recall, involving batch number 14/01/26 (best before 04/05/26) and batch number 15/01/26 (best before 05/05/26), is due to higher than intended levels of linseed in some bags of the feed. The batch number and best before date can be found on the bottom right-hand side of the sewn in label at the bottom of the feed bag (see below).Those in possession of either of these batches of Fast Fibre are urged to not feed it to their horses and dispose of the feed, retaining the label, if available, as proof of purchase. A full refund will be given from the stockist where the feed was purchased.We identified that linseed levels in some bags from these batches were higher than intended, said an Allen & Page spokesperson. While this does not affect the combined starch and sugar content, which remains below 10% in all cases, it led us to take the precautionary decision to recall the affected batches.The feed company said the affected batches are not toxic, are not contaminated, and are not a clean sport or NOPS issue, and that there is no evidence of a harmful substance being present. No other Allen & Page products are affected.For those who purchased the feed after 16 January and no longer have the packaging, Allen & Page advised to look out for an unusual colour or a stickier mash once soaked and if so, not to feed the product and to contact the company directly. Those who purchased the item before 16 January will not be affected.We recognise that recalls can cause inconvenience and concern for horse owners and stockists, they added. However, the care of horses and ponies is always our highest priority, and this recall has been issued as a precautionary measure. We thank customers and retailers for their cooperation and understanding.Allen & Page has published a Q and A section on its website surrounding the recall, and those with further questions can contact the company by calling 01362 822902 or sending an email to helpline@allenandpage.co.ukLead image by ShutterstockThe post Allen & Page issue urgent recall for Fast Fibre feed appeared first on Your Horse.

Any time back pain develops in an athlete, it can impact performance and attitudewhether that athlete is human or equine. In recent years, kissing spines has become a common diagnosis in performance horses exhibiting back pain. The condition is widely represented in riding horses of many breeds.Dorsal spinous processes (DSPs) are the bony projections at the top of the horses vertebrae. When those projections touch (impinge) or overlap (override), this is referred to as kissing spines. The area of the back where the condition is most often diagnosed is between thoracic vertebrae T13 and 18directly under where a rider sits in the saddle.A horse with four sites of impingement with bone remodeling, suspected to be causing the horses pain under saddle. Photo by Alan NixonSigns a Horse May Have Kissing Spines Include: Obvious discomfort with pressure on back Loss of muscling across topline Change in behavior (tail swishing is common) Hollowed out back when ridden Resistance to transitions between gaits Asymmetric, uneven gaits Difficulty picking up correct lead or maintaining canterObvious discomfort from pressure on the back is one possible indicator of kissing spines. Photo by Talitha/Adobe StockA Diagnosis is Not Always Career-EndingAlthough radiographs may look alarming, the presence of kissing spines isnt necessarily the kiss of death for a horses athletic career. In fact, many horses whose X-rays reveal the condition have no clinical signs and compete at top levels.Researchers at the University of California-Davis recently studied groups of horses that compete successfully in high-level show jumping and racing over fences. X-rays of these horses backs showed that kissing spines was very common, yet there was no correlation with poor performance. In fact, horses with the worse radiographic evidence of kissing spines often had better jumping scores and racing accomplishments.Its incredibly common to have horses show abnormalities of their backs on X-rays, but our clinical experience and research studies show that kissing spines doesnt necessarily mean a horse has back pain or poor performance, says Sarah le Jeune, DVM, DACVS, DACVSMR, CVA, of UC Davis, who regularly works with horses with the condition. Le Jeune specializes in equine integrative sports medicine and rehabilitation, and she is also a surgeon.Kissing spines is getting blamed clinically for a lot of things, so you have to rule out other problems, says le Jeune. I rarely see horses with primary back pain; its usually secondary to lameness, poor saddle fit, or unbalanced riding. Her goal is getting to the root of the problem and fixing it.Back pain and lameness are highly correlated and hard to separate, she notes. If theres an underlying lameness, once the horse is better, he starts using his back better.Not Just X-RaysRadiographs alone should never be the sole evidence for a diagnosis of kissing spines. Its believed that almost 35 percent of horses show evidence of the condition on X-rays, but they may have no clinical signs.Typically, when you X-ray horses backs, theyre sedated, and their posture is passive, says le Jeune. Theyre not engaging their abdominal muscles and are kind of slouching.This doesnt reflect the horse in movement with an engaged hind end and lifted back.Its not uncommon to see kissing spines on X-rays, but the sedated, standing horse is not the same as the dynamic horse in motion, she adds.The condition has even been seen on X-rays of foals backs, which proves its not related to being ridden.When conducting a pre-purchase exam, le Jeune wont necessarily red flag a horse with kissing spines on the X-rays if he moves well and has no back pain, but she lets the buyer know it could become a problem if the rider is not able to ride the horse with an engaged and lifted back.Because the condition is so frequently seen on X-rays, an accurate diagnosis of kissing spines must include clinical correlation.Horses with clinical kissing spines have obvious pain upon palpation and riding, says le Jeune. The diagnosis has to be confirmed with physical examination and palpation of the back, including a thorough lameness evaluation, neurological evaluation, and saddle fit evaluation.She also recommends evaluation of the horse being ridden by a veterinarian well-versed in sports medicine.Why Horses Develop Kissing SpinesThere is no single answer as to why some horses develop kissing spines. Likely, the condition is the result of multiple factors, including breed predisposition and genetics, poor saddle fit, unbalanced riding, and lack of training that allows the horse to not engage his core.At times, conformation is to blame. A horse that genuinely has bad posture related to conformation may be physically incapable of using his body properly for high-level performance.Saddle fit is a huge problem, adds le Jeune. The saddle has to fit the rider, not just the horse. Most owners want to do whats right by their horses. It might mean getting a different saddle or becoming a more balanced rider. It takes self-awareness and willingness to address the root problem.Different Approaches to Kissing SpinesWhen all other issues have been ruled out and a horse has a definitive diagnosis of kissing spines, there are different approaches to addressing the condition: Medical treatment Postural rehabilitation SurgeryMedical treatment may involve muscle relaxants, anti-inflammatory medication, and steroid injections between the offending DSPs. Some horses with the condition may benefit from steroid injections a couple times per year to reduce inflammation in the affected area(s) of the back.Le Jeune has also seen improvement using shockwave therapy, chiropractic adjustment and acupuncture. Although these therapies can be very helpful, the horse must still have a strong back and move correctly, which is why postural rehabilitation is key.Secondary to postural rehab, Le Jeune has also seen improvement using shockwave therapy, chiropractic adjustment and acupuncture. Photo by RD-Fotografie/Adobe StockPostural rehabilitation involves exercises that engage core muscles and strengthen the muscles that support the spinal column. The goal of postural rehabilitation is getting the horse to use his back properly, by tucking his pelvis and lifting the back.Postural rehab can include resistance bands like the Equiband Pro System, the ProSix, or the Pessoa Lungeing System, says le Jeune. All of this is done without a rider and rehab can take two to three months.Postural rehabilitation, which might include the Pessoa longeing system, involves exercise that engages core muscles and strengthens the muscles that support the spinal column. Photo by matilda553/Adobe StockWhen owners choose surgery for severe cases, there are two options. The most common surgery, known as interspinous ligament desmotomy (ISLD), involves snipping the ligament(s) holding those segments of the spine together.A branch of the spinal nerves in that region are cut during the surgery, so its like a neurectomy, meaning the horse wont be able to feel that area of the back, explains le Jeune, adding that this may possibly make the back less stable.A more radical and invasive surgery, known as ostectomy, actually cuts away the top of the dorsal spinous processes that are touching.Post-operative image of the same horse following cranial wedge ostectomy of the four sites. Photo by Alan NixonSome surgeons are combining ISLD surgery with a process known as bone shaving, which removes smaller bone sections and is less radical than an ostectomy.While surgery for kissing spines is common, le Jeune believes its only warranted when the diagnosis is absolute and there are no better treatment options. In practice, she has found that postural rehabilitation is often a more successful approach.When an owner chooses this option, its important to work with an expert who is experienced in rehabilitation, which is usually a veterinarian who is board certified in sports medicine, so dont hesitate to seek out a specialist. Return to WorkMost horses with clinical signs are able to return to work after treatment, but owners should be aware that rehab takes time and commitment on their part.As long as youve ruled out everything else, its very rare that postural rehab doesnt work, says le Jeune. But correct riding is crucial. You need to have a skilled rider once the back is strengthened in order to keep the horse engaged and using his back properly.Correct riding is crucial when returning to work. A strong equine back and skilled rider is needed to keep the horse engaged and using his back properly. Photo by RD-Fotografie/Adobe StockAs an avid rider herself, le Jeune understands the condition from this perspective.Once the horse develops more back muscling, hell get wider, so you may need to adjust or change saddles, she adds, noting that regular saddle re-evaluation is essential, with adjustment as needed.Key TakeawayAlthough kissing spines has become a common diagnosis in performance horses, le Jeune emphasizes that the condition shouldnt be the go-to explanation for poor performance or back pain.She encourages owners and veterinarians to definitively rule out any other problems, particularly lameness, before confirming a diagnosis of kissing spines and pursuing treatment.She adds that choice of treatment should always focus on whats right for the horse long termnot necessarily the option that brings about the fastest results.This article about kissing spines in horses appeared in the January/February 2025 issue of Horse Illustratedmagazine.Click here to subscribe!The post An Overview of Kissing Spines in Horses appeared first on Horse Illustrated Magazine.

9 min read Last updated: January 2026 Is your feathered horse stamping, heel-biting and shredding feathers from relentless itch? Follow this clear, UK-ready plan to calm legs fast and stop reinfestation: clip and wash, treat every horse and the environment, and repeat vetguided systemic doses at 1014 days to cover the threeweek life cycleprotecting comfort, skin health, and soundness across your yard. Quick Summary Short on time? Here are the key takeaways. Area: Early Signs Check What To Do: Look daily for stamping, heel biting, redness, scabs, or night-time itching; call your vet at the first signs. Why It Matters: Early action limits selftrauma, infection and yard spread. Common Mistake: Waiting until skin is cracked or bleeding before seeking help. Area: Treat Full Cycle What To Do: Map a 34 week plan with repeat applications at 1014 days; dont stop until after the second cycle is complete. Why It Matters: Mites hatch in waves and are missed by single treatments. Common Mistake: Stopping when the horse looks comfortable. Area: Clip Feathers What To Do: Clip all four legs to skin so products reach the pasterns and fetlocks; use vet-advised sedation if very sore. Why It Matters: Clipping exposes the skin and removes the sheltered environment mites thrive in. Common Mistake: Leaving heavy feather on, which blocks treatment and traps moisture. Area: Medicated Washes What To Do: Wash to the skin with an antiseptic shampoo, leave on 10 minutes, rinse and dry thoroughly; repeat on days 5 and 1014. Why It Matters: Cleans scurf and exposes mites to treatments. Common Mistake: Washing but not drying, leading to more skin problems. Area: Vet Systemic Therapy What To Do: Ask your vet about off-label ivermectin/moxidectin or doramectin; follow exact dosing, typically two treatments three weeks apart. Why It Matters: Systemics tackle mites that topicals dont reach. Common Mistake: Using wormers without veterinary direction. Area: Environmental Cleaning What To Do: Switch to shavings, not straw; empty and disinfect stables monthly; launder rugs, boots and grooming kit; keep a separate mite kit. Why It Matters: The environment can harbour mites and cause reinfestation. Common Mistake: Treating the horse only and ignoring bedding and equipment. Area: Yard-Wide Treatment What To Do: Treat all in-contact horses at the same time and coordinate a yard calendar and log. Why It Matters: Asymptomatic carriers keep re-seeding the problem. Common Mistake: Only treating the obvious case. Area: Ongoing Prevention What To Do: Do weekly pastern checks, manage wet turnout, use suitable rugs and light barriers, and quarantine/wash new arrivals. Why It Matters: Consistent routines reduce winter flare-ups and relapse. Common Mistake: Dropping maintenance once signs improve. In This Guide What are feather mites in horses? What are the signs of feather mites? How are feather mites diagnosed? How long does treatment take? What treatments actually work in the UK? Step-by-step yard treatment plan Clipping feathers: when, why, and how Prevention and yard management Stamping, biting at the heels, and shredded feathers are classic red flags that your horse has feather mites. Left unchecked, these tiny parasites can trigger painful skin infections and even lameness especially in UK natives and draughts with heavy feather.Key takeaway: Chorioptic feather mites live on the lower legs and take about three weeks to complete a life cycle, so you must treat the horse and the environment, repeat applications, and involve your vet for offlabel systemic treatments.What are feather mites in horses?Feather mites are chorioptic mites (Chorioptes equi) that live on the skin of the lower limbs, most often in horses with heavy feather. They cause intense itching, stamping, rubbing and biting around the pasterns and fetlocks.[1][2][3]These mites feed on skin debris and thrive in the warm, sheltered conditions under feathers, particularly through damp UK autumn and winter. While any horse can be affected, UK natives and draughts such as Shires and Clydesdales are frequent sufferers. The condition is also known as heel mange.What are the signs of feather mites?Common signs include red, irritated skin, scabs and crusts, patchy hair loss, and relentless itching; severe cases develop thickened, cracked skin and bleeding sores, and secondary bacterial infections can lead to swelling and lameness.[1][2][3] Horses often stamp, bite at their legs, and rub on fences or stable fronts particularly at night when mites are most active.Because the condition is extremely itchy, selftrauma worsens the skin damage and opens the door to infection. Watch for early hints like heel dandruff, sensitivity to touch around the pasterns, and sudden reluctance to stand quietly. Prompt action prevents weeks of discomfort and yardwide spread.How are feather mites diagnosed?Vets usually diagnose feather mites based on typical signs in a feathered horse; brushings or skin scrapings can be taken for microscopic confirmation when needed. As Galley Hill Equine Clinic notes, The clinical signs of itchy legs in a horse with feathers is usually enough to make a diagnosis.[1]Your vet will assess the severity, check for secondary bacterial infection, and may also consider other itchy-leg culprits (e.g., lice, dermatophilosis/mud fever). If skin is extremely sore, sedation can help with safe clipping and washing.How long does treatment take?Treatment must run beyond the threeweek mite life cycle and include repeat applications at 1014 days to catch newly hatched mites.[3][4][5] Even when your horse looks more comfortable after a few days, stopping early is the most common reason for relapse.Plan for a minimum of three to four weeks of sustained management: two or three medicated washes spaced 1014 days apart, environmental cleaning and bedding changes, and vetprescribed systemic treatment on a threeweek schedule where indicated. Severe or longstanding cases often need ongoing maintenance through the wetter months.What treatments actually work in the UK?There are no veterinary products licensed specifically for equine mites in the UK; vets use offlabel wormers such as ivermectin, moxidectin or doramectin alongside topical washes and strict environmental control.[3][5] This is prescribed under RCVS guidelines (the prescribing cascade) and should be coordinated by your vet to minimise resistance and ensure safety.Currently there are no veterinary products licensed in the UK to treat mites in horses, but vets often recommend a topical antiparasitic application such as Frontline or a product called Dectomax (licensed for sheep and cattle) which has proved very effective... two injections at a three-week interval to begin with. World Horse Welfare[5]Topical support is essential. Regular medicated washes (e.g., tea tree, chlorhexidine, or selenium sulphide) reduce scurf and help expose mites to treatment. Mr OBrien, a veterinarian quoted by Horse & Hound, advises:A mild antiseptic wash (such as a tea tree shampoo) should be used to help remove any serum or scabs and reduce the skin scurf. Your vet may need to sedate the horse for this procedure, as the legs are likely to be very sore.[3]Some vets recommend 5% lime sulphur dips (diluted as directed) weekly for four weeks or flowers of sulphur mixed with pig oil for mild, early cases. When secondary infection is present, your vet may prescribe antibiotic or antimicrobial creams and advise barrier protection.Step-by-step yard treatment planTreat every incontact horse at the same time and deepclean the environment to stop reinfestation.[2][5][6] Mites can survive on other horses without obvious signs and persist in bedding, especially straw.Clip strategically. Clip all four legs to skin level to let treatments reach problem areas. For established cases, repeat monthly until the cycle is broken.[1][3][5]Wash thoroughly. Use an antiseptic/medicated shampoo (e.g., tea tree, chlorhexidine or selenium sulphide). Lather to skin, leave on for 10 minutes, then rinse and dry; repeat on days 5 and 1014. Explore antiseptic shampoos and leg-care tools to make the job quicker and kinder.Apply a topical mite-control product. Your vet may advise lime sulphur (no rinse) or a topical antiparasitic. Always follow veterinary directions on dilution and frequency.[3][5]Use systemic treatment under veterinary prescription. Oral ivermectin/moxidectin or doramectin injections are commonly used offlabel, typically as two doses three weeks apart to hit the full life cycle.[3][5]Switch bedding and disinfect. Replace straw with shavings or a dustextracted bed; fully clear out monthly and disinfect stables, rugs and grooming kit. This aligns with BHS welfarefriendly hygiene in damp UK climates.[1][2]Support the skin. Where infection or soreness is present, your vet may prescribe a topical antimicrobial; once calm, a light barrier can help in wet turnout. Consider an antiitch supplement to reduce selftrauma; see our curated range of equine supplements.Protect in wet weather. Manage turnout to avoid boggy gateways. A well-fitted winter turnout rug from trusted brands like Weatherbeeta helps keep the body dry so legs are easier to manage. In the stable, a breathable stable rug helps you dry and treat legs without chills.Treat the whole yard. Even apparently unaffected horses should be washed and, where your vet recommends, given systemic treatment to avoid a constant reseed of mites.[5][6]Recheck and repeat. Plan a followup with your vet after the second systemic dose. Continue weekly skin checks and maintenance washes through winter.Pro tip: Keep a dedicated mite kit scissors/clippers, medicated shampoo, separate sponge, towels, and a labelled bucket to avoid crosscontamination.Clipping feathers: when, why, and howClipping monthly significantly improves treatment success by exposing the skin so products can reach mites; however, clipped legs are more prone to mud fever in wet UK conditions.[1][3][5] Balance aggressive mite control with sensible turnout and barrier protection.For established cases or very heavy feathers, clip to the skin on all legs and around the heels and fetlocks. Many vets advise sedation for the first clip in very sore horses to prevent injury and ensure a thorough job. After clipping:Wash and gently remove scabs, then dry completely before applying treatments.Use a light, breathable barrier when turning out on wet ground and avoid occlusive greases that trap moisture.Consider breathable turnout boots and bandages cautiously and only on clean, dry legs never as a substitute for treatment.Manage turnout time and choose the driest paddocks; a well-fitted turnout rug helps keep the rest of the horse dry so legs dont stay sodden.Quick tip: Clip and wash on a dry day, then stable overnight on clean shavings to let skin settle before the next turnout.Prevention and yard managementPrevention hinges on vigilant monitoring, shavings bedding instead of straw, monthly disinfection, and treating new arrivals before they join the herd.[1][2][5][6] In multihorse UK settings, yardwide protocols are essential to stop the cycle.Watch early signs. Stamping, heel biting, or red pastern skin especially in feathered horses warrants a sameweek vet consult.Choose the right bed. Shavings (e.g., dustextracted options) are kinder for mite control than straw, which can harbour mites and moisture.Disinfect monthly. Empty stables completely, pressurewash, and disinfect; launder stable wraps, grooming kit, and boots.Quarantine new arrivals. Wash and check legs, and discuss prophylactic treatment with your vet before turnout with the main herd.Seasonal strategy. Plan proactive leg checks and maintenance washes from late autumn through early spring when UK mud and moisture peak.Skin health support. Calm itch and support recovery with appropriate supplements; brands like NAF have proven options within our supplements selection.Rug wisely. Keep your horse dry and comfortable in wet weather; welldesigned rugs from brands such as Weatherbeeta help you maintain cleaner legs and easier daily checks.At Just Horse Riders, we recommend building a simple yard SOP: weekly pastern checks, a log of washes/treatments, and a calendar reminder for monthly deep cleans. A little routine beats a lot of firefighting.FAQsCan humans catch mites from horses?Yes. Certain mites such as sarcoptic mange can transmit to humans and cause intensely itchy skin.[2] Wear gloves, wash hands and clothing after handling affected horses, and follow your vets biosecurity advice, especially when washing legs or changing bedding.Do I have to clip feathers to treat mites?Clipping isnt always essential in very early, mild cases, but it is strongly recommended for established infestations so treatments can reach the skin.[1][3][5] For heavy feathers (e.g., Shires), monthly clips during treatment greatly improve results.How long will it take to clear feather mites?Plan for at least one full mite life cycle (around three weeks) with repeat washes at 1014 days and, if prescribed, two systemic treatments three weeks apart.[3][4][5] Ongoing maintenance through winter helps prevent reinfestation.What bedding is best if my horse has mites?Use shavings or dustextracted beds and avoid straw, which can harbour mites and moisture in UK conditions.[1][2] Fully clear out monthly and disinfect the stable, rugs and equipment.Are supplements useful against feather mites?Supplements wont kill mites but can reduce itch and selftrauma while the main treatments work. Options like Dodson & Horrell Itch Free are commonly used alongside vetdirected therapies; explore our supplements to support skin.Why are feathered breeds hit harder?Feathers provide a warm, sheltered microenvironment that chorioptic mites love, making natives and draughts (e.g., Clydesdales, Shires) more susceptible.[2][3] Regular clipping and proactive leg care are especially important in these breeds.Can mites live off the horse in the yard?Yes. Mites can persist in the environment and on incontact horses without obvious signs, and straw bedding is a common reservoir.[2][5][6] Treat the whole yard and disinfect stables and kit to stop the cycle.If your horse is stamping or sore, dont wait. Call your vet, plan a threeweek treatment window, and set up your yard for success with the right washes, rugs and routines. For practical kit to make the job easier, browse our grooming essentials, choose weathersavvy turnout rugs, and support recovery with targeted supplements. Were here to help you and your horse get comfortable again, fast. Shop the Essentials Everything mentioned in this guide, ready to browse. Shop Grooming KitShop SupplementsShop Turnout RugsShop Stable RugsShop Boots & Bandages

World Horse Welfare has highlighted the plightoffourponies to highlightimportanceofgettingde-wormingright for those involved in the care of a horse.Three cob fillies and a ten-year-old mare were rescued by the charity after being found critically underweight due to significant worm burdens. The group are now receiving urgent care at World Horse Welfares Hall Farm Rescue and Rehoming Centre, in Norfolk, as the team work closely with vets to get on top of theponies parasite infestations.The charity is highlighting theimportanceof testing and treating appropriately for worms and warning of the danger of encysted redworm.As soon as I arrived at the site, I could see that some of the ponies were extremely unwell, said World Horse Welfare Field Officer Rebecca Carter. Eleven others were all in normal body condition, but seven who clearly had worm burdens were really underweight despite living in the same conditions. One tiny filly, named Tinker Bell, had multiple different kinds of worms just pouring out of her. She was six months old and so underweight that I could lift her alone something that should never be possible.Tinker Bell was severely emaciated under her thick coat. Credit: World Horse WelfareWith several of the group in need of urgent veterinary care, Rebecca contacted the RSPCA, police and a vet, who authorised the ponies being taken to safety to start getting treatment. No owner responded to the abandonment notice, so the ponies were transferred into the ownership of the charities.Tragically, the three colts who were removed were so sick that, despite the vets best efforts, they had to be put to sleep on welfare grounds, said Rebecca. The three fillies and the mare, though very unwell, have made it through the first couple of weeks and were strong enough to travel to our Hall Farm, in Norfolk.Unfortunately, in my job as a Field Officer I see cases like this all too often. Faecal egg counts matter when it comes to managing parasitic infections, but they dont detect all of the parasites that can be most damaging, particularly in vulnerable horses.Tinker Bell needed urgent veterinary treatment. Credit: World Horse WelfareMalcolm Morley, the charitys Director of UK and a qualified vet explained why these worms can be so problematic.Encysted redworm, where small redworm larvae hibernate in the gut wall, wont show up on faecal egg counts, which can give a false sense of reassurance, he said. Thats why owners should seek advice from their vet or a specialist laboratory such as Westgate Labs, which employs suitably qualified staff to help interpret results and guide responsible worming.The four ponies were all incredibly weak on arrival at Hall Farm and two needed plasma transfusions. Once were confident that theyre starting to feel a bit stronger and their blood results show theyre starting to recover, then they can start to have a little bit more time out in the field, said Hall Farm Centre Manager Sue Hodgkins. For Tinker Bell to have come this far, with the blood test results shes had and the fact that shes still with us and fighting, gives me a little more confidence. Were keeping everything crossed that she keeps that fighting spirit and makes a full recovery.Mary Darling and Wendy shortly after arrival at Hall Farm. Credit: World Horse WelfareAll of World Horse Welfares Field Officers carry faecal egg count kits, provided by Westgate Labs, with them. Several are also Suitably Qualified Persons, meaning that they have the knowledge and qualifications to offer advice on worm control and de-worming products, which are vital tools in many of the cases the charity deals with.Guidance on worm control, including pasture management, testing, and appropriate de-worming products, is available on World Horse Welfares advice pages. Lead image of Tinker Bell and Tiger Lily on arrival at World Horse Welfare Hall Farm. Credit: World Horse WelfareRelated contentWhich parasite and why: essential seven-step worming planEssential horse worming schedule and management tips from a vetWhich worms are a threat to your horse in winter?9 essential things to get right when youre taking care of a horseThe post Worms were pouring out of her: Charity highlights ponies plight to raise awareness appeared first on Your Horse.

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