For many riders, theres a moment when technique alone stops creating progress. Youve tried new exercises, adjusted tack, sought expert advice, yet something in thehorse-human connection still feels out of reach. This is where energy awareness, intuitive horsemanship, and a grounded presence can make all the difference. The Reflective Horse with Cassandra Ogier offers an accessible, real-world path to this kind of relationship, bringing subtle communication and mutual trust into everyday horsemanship.Why energy and intention matter in horsemanshipHorses respond to far more than cues or aids; they respond tohow we show up. From our breathing to our body language to our unspoken thoughts, every interaction carries an energetic message. Cassandra Ogiers Equine Guided Empowerment approach makes this communication clear and practical, removing the mystery and giving riders the tools to work with it intentionally.Through her work with free-roaming horses, Cassandra shows that leadership doesnt have to mean dominance. Instead, it can come from the quiet confidence and clarity horses naturally trust, what she callsLead Mare Energy. By focusing on mindful horsemanship practices like grounding, observation, and spatial awareness, riders begin to see that trust is earned in still moments as much as in movement.Practical skills for a calmer, more connected partnershipThe Reflective Horse course is structured so you can start applying these concepts immediately, whether youre working in-hand, riding, or simply being with your horse. Each session blends theory with hands-on exercises, including:Grounding and emotional regulationBefore asking anything of your horse, you learn to steady your own body and mind. Simple breathing and awareness techniques help you shift from a reactive state into a grounded one, something horses notice instantly. This steadiness becomes a foundation fortrust-based horsemanship.Reading and respecting energy layersEvery horse has an energetic field that shapes how close they are comfortable with you being. Learning to recognize these energy layers builds mutual respect and reduces tension. In practice, this awareness leads to smoother groundwork, clearer communication, and a stronger sense of safety.Walking with intention and presenceExercises like walking from center teach you to move in a way that naturally draws your horses attention and cooperation. This isnt about being louder or more forceful, its about aligning your movement, energy, and focus so your horse wants to follow.Space claiming with confidenceHorses respond to leaders who confidently hold and claim their space without aggression. Through rope work and spatial awareness drills, youll learn how to move into space with clarity, helping your horse understand boundaries and direction without creating fear or resistance.Why NF+ and Cassandra Ogier bring something differentWhile other programs in this space often focus on in-person retreats or abstract theory, The Reflective Horse on NF+ offers an affordable, accessible way to explore intuitive horsemanship at your own pace. You can stream lessons on any device, revisit exercises as needed, and integrate them into your daily barn routine.Cassandras decades of experience in both traditional riding and equine-guided education give her a rare perspective. One that blends the practical with the mindful. Her methods feel grounded, inclusive, and achievable for riders of all levels, whether youre working toward competitive goals or simply want to feel more at ease with your horse.The benefits you can expectBy the end of this course, youll have:Greater awareness of your own energy and its impact on your horseTools to calm reactivity in both yourself and your horseA stronger sense of safety and trust in groundwork and ridingA relationship built on clarity, respect, and mutual understandingConfidence in handling new situations without losing connectionThis isnt about fixing problems with force. Its about becoming the kind of partner your horse already wants to follow; steady, clear, and present.Your next step toward connectionIf youve ever felt like youre missing a piece in your horse-human connection, The Reflective Horse is your chance to explore it in a way thats practical, respectful, and deeply rewarding.Stream The Fundamentals of Energy with Cassandra Ogier on NF+ and start building the calm, confident presence your horse can trust, on the ground, in the saddle, and in every moment in between.

The first leg of the 3 & 4 year old filly loose jumping took place in JAG Equestrian on 14th August. The loose jumping was judged by Jack Doyle and Nicola Ennis. The 3 year olds were first into the ring. This was won by Andrea Etters Gatoucha B (ISH), by Aganix Du Seigneur (sBs) out of Gatoucha Vant Roosakker (BWP) by Diamant de Semilly (SF), bred by Belmont House Farm. Second place was Carolin Huuvas Indies Sisu (ISH), by Conticco (OLD), out of Clounamon Indie (ISH), by Tinaranas Inspector (WESTF), bred by owner Carolin Huuva.Gatoucha B (ISH), Sire: Aganix Du Seigneur (sBs), Dam: Gatoucha Vant Roosakker (BWP), Damsire: Diamant de Semilly (SF), Breeder: Belmont House Farm, Owner: Andrea EtterThe four year olds was the last class of the day. This was won by Catriona Redmonds filly Vitesse Van De Pereboom (BWP), bred by Godfried Storme, by El Barone 111 Z (ZANG) out of Nauwsika Van De Pereboom (BWP), by Thunder Van De Zuuthoeve (BWP). Second place was won by an unnamed filly, owned by Natalia Biczak, bred by Thomas Herlihy Jnr. The filly is by Zavatar F (SWB), out of Ballulynch Buttercup (ISH)[TIH], by Puissance (ISH)[TIH].Vitesse Van De Pereboom (BWP), Sire: El Barone 111 Z (ZANG), Dam: Nauwsika Van De Pereboom (BWP), Damsire: Thunder Van De Zuuthoeve (BWP), Breeder: Godfried Storme, Owner: Catriona Redmond.3 & 4 Year Old Filly Loose Jumping is funded under National Breeding Services, by the Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine.The post Loose Jumping Results appeared first on Horse Sport Ireland.

One horse at a boarding facility in Polk County, Florida, recently tested positive for strangles. Four additional horses are suspected positive, and 47 horses are exposed. The affected horses are under official quarantine.This is Floridas 24thconfirmed strangles case in 2025.EDCC Health Watch is an Equine Network marketing program that utilizes information from the Equine Disease Communication Center (EDCC) to create and disseminate verified equine disease reports. TheEDCCis an independent nonprofit organization that is supported by industry donations in order to provide open access to infectious disease information.About StranglesStranglesin horses is an infection caused byStreptococcus equisubspeciesequiand spread through direct contact with other equids or contaminated surfaces. Horses that arent showing clinical signs can harbor and spread the bacteria, and recovered horses remain contagious for at least six weeks, with the potential to cause outbreaks long-term.Infected horses can exhibit a variety of clinical signs:FeverSwollen and/or abscessed lymph nodesNasal dischargeCoughing or wheezingMuscle swellingDifficulty swallowingVeterinarians diagnose horses using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing with either a nasal swab, wash, or an abscess sample, and they treat most cases based on clinical signs, implementing antibiotics for severe cases. Overuse of antibiotics can prevent an infected horse from developing immunity. Most horses make a full recovery in three to four weeks.A vaccine is available but not always effective. Biosecurity measures of quarantining new horses at a facility and maintaining high standards of hygiene and disinfecting surfaces can helplower the risk of outbreakorcontain one when it occurs.

A yearling Standardbred filly in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, Ontario, was recently euthanized after contracting West Nile virus (WNV). The filly, who was unvaccinated, developed clinical signs on Aug. 9, including ataxia, blindness, and recumbency.This is the first confirmed case of equine WNV in Ontario this year.EDCC Health Watch is an Equine Network marketing program that utilizes information from the Equine Disease Communication Center (EDCC) to create and disseminate verified equine disease reports. TheEDCCis an independent nonprofit organization that is supported by industry donations in order to provide open access to infectious disease information.WNV 101West Nile virusis transmitted to horses via bites from infected mosquitoes. Not all infected horses show clinical signs, but those that do can exhibit:Flulike signs, where the horse seems mildly anorexic and depressed;Fine and coarse muscle and skin fasciculation (involuntary twitching);Hyperesthesia (hypersensitivity to touch and sound);Changes in mentation (mental activity), when horses look like theyre daydreaming or just not with it;Occasional drowsiness;Propulsive walking (driving or pushing forward, often without control); andSpinal signs, including asymmetrical weakness; andAsymmetrical or symmetrical ataxia.West Nile virus has no cure. However, some horses can recover with supportive care. Equine mortality rates can reach 30-40%.Studies have shown thatvaccines can be effective WNV prevention tools. Horses vaccinated in past years need an annual booster shot, but veterinarians might recommend two boosters annuallyone in the spring and another in the fallin areas with prolonged mosquito seasons. In contrast, previously unvaccinated horses require a two-shot vaccination series in a three- to six-week period. It takes several weeks for horses to develop protection against the disease following complete vaccination or booster administration.In addition to vaccinations, owners should work to reduce mosquito population and breeding areas and limit horses mosquito exposure by:Removing stagnant water sources;Dumping, cleaning, and refilling water buckets and troughs regularly;Keeping animals inside during insect feeding times (typically early in the morning and evening); andApplying mosquito repellents approved for equine use.

On Aug. 14, an 8-year-old pony in Burleigh County, North Dakota, tested positive for West Nile virus (WNV). The pony, who is unvaccinated, developed clinical signs on Aug. 9, including ataxia, blindness, and decreased menace. He is now recovering.EDCC Health Watch is an Equine Network marketing program that utilizes information from the Equine Disease Communication Center (EDCC) to create and disseminate verified equine disease reports. TheEDCCis an independent nonprofit organization that is supported by industry donations in order to provide open access to infectious disease information.WNV 101West Nile virusis transmitted to horses via bites from infected mosquitoes. Not all infected horses show clinical signs, but those that do can exhibit:Flulike signs, where the horse seems mildly anorexic and depressed;Fine and coarse muscle and skin fasciculation (involuntary twitching);Hyperesthesia (hypersensitivity to touch and sound);Changes in mentation (mental activity), when horses look like theyre daydreaming or just not with it;Occasional drowsiness;Propulsive walking (driving or pushing forward, often without control); andSpinal signs, including asymmetrical weakness; andAsymmetrical or symmetrical ataxia.West Nile virus has no cure. However, some horses can recover with supportive care. Equine mortality rates can reach 30-40%.Studies have shown thatvaccines can be effective WNV prevention tools. Horses vaccinated in past years need an annual booster shot, but veterinarians might recommend two boosters annuallyone in the spring and another in the fallin areas with prolonged mosquito seasons. In contrast, previously unvaccinated horses require a two-shot vaccination series in a three- to six-week period. It takes several weeks for horses to develop protection against the disease following complete vaccination or booster administration.In addition to vaccinations, owners should work to reduce mosquito population and breeding areas and limit horses mosquito exposure by:Removing stagnant water sources;Dumping, cleaning, and refilling water buckets and troughs regularly;Keeping animals inside during insect feeding times (typically early in the morning and evening); andApplying mosquito repellents approved for equine use.

A donkey that was abandoned while heavily pregnant and was so nervous around people that she would kick out and would not be caught in the field has found her forever home.Mia and another jenny, Molly, were rescued by World Horse Welfare last summer and taken in by its Belwade Farm Rescue and Rehoming Centre in Aboyne, Aberdeenshire. A month later, Mia gave birth to a colt foal named Peanut.When Mia first arrived, she was very cautious of people and it took a long time to gain her trust, said the charitys groom Jodie.To catch Mia and her friend Molly for the vet the first time we had to use special treats and all our powers of persuasion.Mia was also very protective of her tummy and hind end and, before she had her foal, she would kick out at anyone who went near either area. With time, patience and a carefully planned rehabilitation process, Mias relationship with people has transformed.Seeing her go from being so apprehensive to enjoying a cuddle and being ready to rehome has been amazing, added Jodie.Its been a very rewarding journey and Im so happy that shes found a loving home.Mia and PeanutImmediate friendsMia was rehomed in July by Alicia, who had previously adopted through World Horse Welfare, and immediately formed a strong bond with a donkey called Duffy.She and Duffy spent five minutes zooming around together when they were first introduced. Then they had a bit of a chat and that was it: best friends immediately, smiled Alicia.Duffy had recently lost a companion and Alicia had been giving the donkey some time to mourn before seeking a new mate. I hadnt the heart to rush straight into finding a new donkey, and I knew Duffy needed time to mourn, she said. When I felt the time was right, Mia came up for rehoming just a couple of days later.I was pleased to do my bit by rehoming again to make space for another animal in need.I also knew that Mia would have been fully checked over and that any considerations would be disclosed.WHW groom Jodie with MiaA sweet little donkeyJodie warned Alicia that she would probably need food in order to catch Mia in the field but this wasnt the case for long.After a couple of weeks, shes very happy to be caught without food, said Alicia.The team at Belwade Farm has done a great job with her, and shes lovely to handle. Shes a very sweet, gentle little donkey, and she loves a fuss.Im so pleased she and Duffy have bonded so well.Anyone interested in rehoming from World Horse Welfare can find out more here.Main image of Mia and Duffy World Horse Welfare rehomer Alicia. Inset images World Horse WelfareRelated contentHow to tell if a horse is happyTVs Yorkshire Vet praises surgery to remove donkeys eyeLong stripey socks give donkeys relief from irritating fliesExperts explain how to provide the best diet for your horseThe post New home and friend for abandoned donkey who was scared of people appeared first on Your Horse.

Learn how a 14-point checklist called the Basic Behaviors Profile (BBP) is helping adoptable horses find homes.Table of ContentsToggleChecking Off the BoxesOrigins of the Basic Behaviors ProfileA Good Starting PointTracking Basic Behaviors Profile Score During TrainingUseful for Any Horse OwnerReducing Time to AdoptionLike dating, finding the right horse can be an extensive search to find The One. The quest will most likely involve endless scrolling and comparing online listings to find your potential match. If youre looking into adopting a horse, you just might find some extra information in that profile to make the hunt a little easier.For example, your search to adopt a Steady Eddy could lead you to a listing for a horse named ARH Banana for Breakfast. While the palomino pinto gelding may have a silly sounding name for a senior gentleman, according to his online profile, hes steady as they come, up to date on his vetting, an experienced trail horse, and a been-there, done-that kind of guy.Checking Off the BoxesHow do you know? Anyone wanting further evidence can see he checks off a lot of boxes in the solid equine citizen department through the Basic Behaviors Profile (BBP) posted with his listing on myrighthorse.org.Thanks to this handy tool, potential adopters of this seasoned steed know that he has demonstrated that he can be approached in turnout, calmly haltered and led through a gate, allows his feet to be picked up, stands calmly tied and to be brushed, fly sprayed and blanketed, and various other behaviors on the 14-point checklist of common groundwork skills.Ground-handling skills are essential for all horses, and the BBP provides a standardized way to assess how a horse responds to these requests. Photo by ccestep8/Adobe StockWhile its just one part of the information on a horses resume, and there will be more questions, conversations, and hopefully a meet-and-greet to assess a match, the BBP has proven helpful to streamline the evaluation process on both sides.The Basic Behaviors Profile has helped create a standardized evaluation process for adopters, says Cailin Caldwell, ASPCA Right Horse Program Director. When they visitmyrighthorse.org,they can quickly see the skills each horse has and which ones they still need to work on, helping them better find their right horse. Many adopters appreciate the information and transparency the tool lends to the adoption experience.On the other side, the Basic Behaviors Profile helps adoption organizations more efficiently identify training opportunities and then leverage that information to make happy, adoptive matches for their horses. Many of our partners now use the tool regularly when bringing a new horse into their facility, which has made the training and evaluation process smoother for both their staff and adopters.Origins of the Basic Behaviors ProfileThe BBP was created, designed and field-tested by a team of equine experts and behaviorists to help improve the adoption process for the ASPCA Right Horse Program. Since its introduction in 2018, it has been used by ASPCA Right Horse partner organizations and is available free online for anyone to use, including equine adoption organizations, trainers, and individual horse owners. Knowing what a horse knows is useful information. No matter what type of horse youre looking for, ground-handling skills are essential for all horses, and the BBP provides a standardized way to assess how a horse responds to these requests.The Basic Behaviors profile is a series of 14 tasks that are ideal for any equine to be able to complete throughout their life, explains Kylie Sols-McGarity, equine behavior and training specialist at the ASPCA Equine Transition and Adoption Center (ETAC) in El Reno, Okla. Theyre things that are going to be able to support [the horses] health in the long term and his ability to be seen by a vet and farrier. In an adoption space, its a way for us to be able to look at his skillset and assess the training state on all of our equines.The ETAC has found significantly reduced length of stay because trainers prioritize working through the list on the Basic Behaviors Profile. Photo courtesy ASPCAA Good Starting PointThe BBP isnt a training method, nor does it promote any specific training technique. Instead, its an evaluation tool that helps assess ground manners and handling. For trainers, it serves as a useful starting point to form a training plan.A lot of horses come in with what I call swiss cheese training, says Sols-McGarity. They know some things and theyve got some holes in other places. This is a really great way to know where they need additional support in their training.Learning about any holes in your horses training, such as trailer loading, could help in a situation like a vet emergency. Photo by Annabell Gsdl/Adobe StockSols-McGarity holds a bachelors degree in equine science as well as a masters in animal behavior and welfare from Colorado State University. She applies those skills at ETAC, where services reach over 100 horses annually; of those, about half will go through some sort of behavior or training work before rehoming.By no means do these skills need to be completed before a horse can be adopted. Instead, Sols-McGarity notes that its a useful way to communicate clearly with an adopter and pass on information about a horses skills and knowledge.The BBP is one of the first steps for horses coming into ETAC.We do this before a medical exam because were going to be looking at things like, can they be haltered? she says. Can they be led, can they stand tied, can they pick up their feet, are they able to receive oral medications? What are their reactions to these very common and low-type stressors? Once we do the behavioral profile, we can much more easily inform our vet as to expectations with medical handling as well.Sols-McGarity is very specific about not doing any training while she is doing the profile.Its not a time to train a horse, but to take in information on whether he knows it or not and what his reactions are, she says. And then if he cant complete a task, we just move on and will focus training efforts during a different time. Tracking Basic Behaviors Profile Score During TrainingOnce a horse starts full-time training, Sols-McGarity likes to complete the profile every two weeks to track his progress, and again when the horse is adopted, right before he leaves.The BBP offers a numerical score of completed items on the list. Its not pass/fail; items are simply noted as complete or incomplete. Sols-McGarity explains that a low BBP score isnt a reflection of a horses trainability. Instead, its a helpful way to get the conversation started, gather more information, and get to know the horse.Each question has a detailed sheet, but the final page of the BBP provides for easy scoring.Its a great way to start getting to know the challenges, good and bad, of each horse, because no horse is going to be perfect, says Sols-McGarity. Since its a complete/incomplete, the range of reasons why its incomplete could be very minimal, or it could be something thats going to require a lot of work in the future.For example, if someone is looking for a great trail horse, the fact that hes fussy about deworming may not be a big deal, while a skill like tying well is of higher importance.Useful for Any Horse OwnerThe BBP is also useful to try at home with your own horse for a variety of reasons. First and foremost, it creates a safety net.More than anything, all of us want our horses to have a secure and safe future, says Sols-McGarity. And if there ever comes a point where you have to rehome your horse, if you have gone through some of these skills and given the horse a really good foundation so he knows how to be a good citizen, it really helps him find wonderful, loving homes in the future.Its also good to keep skills current to avoid getting into a tough spot, such as trailer loading for a vet emergency or evacuation during a natural disaster.Especially with young horses, or if you have a lot of horses and its hard to get to them all, Solis-McGarity recommends adding the BBP to expand your tool kit outside of the normal go out to the barn and ride routine.Reducing Time to AdoptionAt ETAC, the proof is in the numbers, with a reduced length of staythe time a horse spends at the facility from intake to adoption.It has significantly reduced length of stay for us because we have a goal of getting it completed, and we get tons of information on a horse from doing the profile right off the bat, says Sols-McGarity. And the more info we have, the more we can pass to adopters, and the faster we can get them into their right homes.It worked for Banana for Breakfast, who was quickly adopted.The BBP is available at aspcarighthorse.org/basic-behaviors-profile. To browse listings of adoptable horses, including many with the Basic Behaviors Profile, visit myrighthorse.org, the ASPCAs online adoption platform for equines.This article about the Basic Behaviors Profile appeared in the September 2024 issue of Horse Illustratedmagazine.Click here to subscribe!The post Evaluating Horses with the Basic Behaviors Profile appeared first on Horse Illustrated Magazine.

Firocoxib is commonly used in horses with osteoarthritis. | Adobe StockResearchers recently confirmed concerns about negative effects of a popular long-term nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) treatment might be overstated. Horses receiving firocoxib had essentially normal bloodwork even after years of medication, meaning the drug didnt appear to harm the kidneys, suppress the immune system, or cause protein loss. The findings suggest firocoxib might be safe even well beyond the labeled 14-day use, said Langdon Fielding, DVM, MBA, Dipl. ACVECC, ACVSMR, of Loomis Basin Equine Medical Center, in Penryn, California.This is good news for horse owners, Fielding said. Its nice to know that this medication can be used long-term without significant changes in laboratory values.Firocoxib for Chronic Pain in HorsesWhen horses develop chronic pain and inflammation due to injuries, osteoarthritis, or similar disease processes, veterinarians prescribe NSAIDs such as firocoxib (specifically classified as a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor). But despite those advantages, Fielding said owners might stop firocoxib after two weeks to avoid potential side effects from extensive use, such as gastrointestinal ulcers and kidney damage. Currently, the drug label calls for once-daily use for up to 14 days in horses, even though similar drugs are used longer in dogs and people with few negative effects, Fielding said.Those concerns dont match what Fielding and his colleague Iuri Buzelato Carli, DVM, a resident in equine internal medicine at the University of California, Davis, said they have seen in the field, though.There are so many horses using this medication now, so we really wanted some evidence to guide our medical decisions, Fielding said. Whenever we see a question that needs to be answered with clinical research, we try to see if we have the data that can be used.Studying the Effects of Long-Term Firocoxib Use in HorsesHe and Carli ran bloodwork on 232 horsesprimarily Quarter Horses, Paints, Arabians, and Thoroughbredsduring a routine wellness program for their patients. Of those, 153 horses averaging 15 years of age (ranging from 1 to 33 years old), had never received firocoxib treatment.The other 79 horses, averaging 19 years of age (ranging from 5 to 33 years old), had been receiving daily firocoxib at a dose of about 0.13 milligrams per kilogram orally anywhere from two months to nearly four and a half years. Two-fifths of the patients had been on the NSAID for more than a year, and 50% of those had been on it for more than two years. More than half were being treated for osteoarthritis, with the others receiving the medication for laminitis, orthopedic soft tissue injuries such as torn tendons or ligaments, navicular disease, other chronic lameness, or a variety of issues unrelated to lameness.Comparing the bloodwork results, the team found no clinically significant differences in creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), or other markers of concern between the two groups, Fielding said.The firocoxib groupwhich had been on the drug for an average of 10 monthsdid have slightly elevated total protein and sodium levels as well as slightly lower white blood cell (WBC) counts. Even so, none of these differences had significant clinical value, he said. How long the horse had been taking the drug didnt affect lab values either, he said.Given their experience in practice, the researchers said the findings came as no surprise. We use this medication a lot, and we have not seen many problems, Fielding said. We just needed a more formal analysis to support this belief.Take-Home MessageVeterinarians often prescribe firocoxib to manage chronic pain and inflammation in horses, and its long-term use appears safe based on bloodwork. While manufacturers have labeled the drug for once-daily use for up to 14 days, researchers on this study suggest firocoxib might be suitable for extended treatment in appropriate cases. Still, veterinarians should evaluate horses individually and continue to monitor for adverse effects during long-term NSAID therapy.The study, Long-Term Firocoxib Use in Horses, appeared in the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine in May 2025.

A Quarter Horse mare in Clarke County, Mississippi, recently tested positive for Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE). The mare developed clinical signs on Aug. 7, including fever, acute ataxia, and recumbency. She was euthanized.EDCC Health Watch is an Equine Network marketing program that utilizes information from the Equine Disease Communication Center (EDCC) to create and disseminate verified equine disease reports. TheEDCCis an independent nonprofit organization that is supported by industry donations in order to provide open access to infectious disease information.EEE 101Eastern equine encephalomyelitis is caused by the Eastern equine encephalitis virus, for which wild birds are a natural reservoir. Mosquitoes that feed on EEE-infected birds can transmit the virus to humans, horses, and other birds. Horses do not develop high enough levels of these viruses in their blood to be contagious to other animals or humans. Because of the high mortality rate in horses and humans, EEE is regarded as one of the most serious mosquito-borne diseases in the United States.Tips for preventing mosquito-borne diseases include:Avoid mosquito bites: Use insect repellent when outdoors, especially from dusk to dawn.Look for EPA-labeled products containing active ingredients such as DEET, picaridin (KBR3023), or oil of lemon eucalyptus (p-menthane 3,8-diol).Apply more repellent, according to label instructions, if mosquitoes start to bite.Mosquito-proof homes: Fix or install window and door screens, and cover or eliminate empty containers with standing water where mosquitoes can lay eggs.Protect your horses: Veterinarians recommend commercially available licensedvaccines against EEE for all horses in the U.S. Horses should be vaccinated at least annually (recommendations vary in high-risk areas). Its not too late this year to vaccinate your horses.Use approved insect repellents to protect horses.If possible, put horses in stables, stalls, or barns during the prime mosquito exposure hours of dusk and dawn.Eliminate standing water, drain water troughs, and empty buckets at least weekly.Stock water tanks with fish that consume mosquito larvae (contact your local mosquito control for assistance), or use mosquito dunks (soliddonuts ofBacillus thuringiensis israelensis, which are nontoxic to horses) available at hardware stores.