Key Points Details Understanding Colic Colic refers to abdominal pain in horses, often aggravated by cold-weather-induced changes in routine, diet, and environment. Cold Weather Impact Horses consume less water in cold, rely more on dry feeds, exercise less, dietary changes for energy, leading to digestive issues. Common Winter Colic Types Impaction Colic: Caused by dry feed and low water intake. Gas/Tympanic Colic: Due to dietary changes and reduced digestion. Spasmodic Colic: Triggered by stress and sudden changes. Sand Colic: Common in sandy areas, can occur when feeding off the ground. Prevention Strategies Hydration: Use bucket heaters, warm water in feeds, electrolyte supplements. Forage: Provide ample, high-quality hay for fiber and warmth. Movement: Encourage exercise for digestive stimulation. Grain Management: Adjust portions and introduce changes gradually. Additional Tips Clothing: Use appropriate blankets and rugs for warmth. Shelter: Protect from wind, maintain stables. Veterinary Care: Schedule regular check-ups. Hoof Care: Maintain clean and trimmed hooves. Conclusion Be prepared and informed about winter colic risks, apply preventative strategies, and ensure equine health and happiness throughout the season. Can Cold Weather Cause Colic in Horses? Exploring the Relationship Between Temperature and Equine HealthAs the chill of winter envelopes the stable, horse owners everywhere brace for the challenges that come with cold weather, particularly the dreaded equine colic. This time of year can increase the risk of colic, a condition that often causes much anxiety among equestrian enthusiasts. In this article, we will explore how cold weather affects equine health, discuss the causes of winter colic, and share effective strategies for prevention and management.Understanding Colic in HorsesColic is a general term that refers to abdominal pain in horses. This pain can arise from several conditions, such as digestive problems, intestinal blockages, or even a twisted intestine. During the frosty months, changes in a horse's routine, diet, and environment contribute significantly to the heightened risk of colic.How Cold Weather Affects Equine DigestionReduced Water IntakeWhen temperatures drop, horses often consume less water, especially if their water source is near freezing. If water temperatures fall below 45F (7C), horses may decrease their intake significantly, leading to dehydration. Dehydration is a primary cause of impaction colic because dry feed without adequate moisture cannot pass easily through the digestive tract [source].Increased Reliance on Dry FeedsWith limited pasture access in winter, horses consume more hay or high-fiber feeds to maintain energy. While essential for warmth, these dry feeds demand adequate hydration for smooth digestive transit. Insufficient hydration can cause these feeds to accumulate in the intestines, which potentially leads to impaction colic [source].Decreased ExerciseThe cold months often curtail exercise routines, reducing a horse's natural movement. Regular movement is crucial for maintaining digestive health because it aids food transit through the gut. Limited exercise can slow gut motility, contributing to colic [source].Diet ChangesTo meet the increased energy requirements due to cold weather, many horse owners increase grain portions. While grains are an excellent energy source, excessive consumption can disrupt the digestive balance, possibly causing gas colic due to the increased fermentation in the hindgut.Common Types of Colic Associated with Cold Weather Impaction Colic: The most prevalent form during winter, caused by dry feed and insufficient water intake. Gas/Tympanic Colic: Often results from dietary modifications and decreased digestive efficiency. Spasmodic Colic: Triggered by stress and sudden dietary changes, characterized by intestinal spasms. Sand Colic: Though more typical in sandy areas, it can occur when horses feed off the ground.Strategies for Preventing Cold Weather ColicEnsure Adequate HydrationIn cold weather, ensuring your horse drinks plenty of water is crucial. Using bucket heaters can prevent water sources from freezing. Additionally, adding warm water to grain rations can encourage consumption, while electrolyte supplements can help stimulate thirst [source].Provide Quality ForageOffering ample hay ensures horses receive the needed fiber and warmth. High-quality forage promotes digestive health and can reduce the risk of colic.Encourage MovementDespite the cold, encouraging your horse to move, be it through turnout or exercise routines, is vital. Movement is a natural stimulant for the digestive tract, helping to prevent colic.Manage Grain Portions CarefullyAdjust grain feedings appropriately to avoid digestive disturbances. Gradually introduce any dietary changes to give the horse's digestive system time to adjust.Additional Tips for Winter Horse CareWarm Clothing and AccessoriesEnsure your horse stays warm with proper winter blankets. Consider our range of stable rugs or turnout rugs for different weather needs.Check for Wind ExposureProtection from harsh winds is essential. Ensure your stables are well-maintained and provide adequate shelter for outdoor horses.Regular Veterinary Check-upsRoutine check-ups can help detect any potential health issues early. Regular monitoring by a vet ensures your horse remains healthy during the harsher months.Proper Hoof CareDon't let hoof care fall by the wayside during winter. Snow and ice can affect hoof health, so keeping them clean and trimmed is essential.ConclusionWhile winter brings its set of challenges, particularly with the risk of colic, being well-prepared and informed can make a significant difference. By understanding the factors contributing to winter colic and actively implementing preventative strategies, horse owners can keep their equine friends healthy and happy throughout the season. Stay proactive, keep those water troughs fitted with heaters, and don't forget the benefit of a good romp in the snow!If you're looking for reliable equestrian equipment, visit our Jodhpur Collection, check out our Horse Riding Boot Collection, or see our Horse Riding Gloves Collection for more.

Ocala, FL Victory on the final day of the Longines League of Nations Ocala CSIO5*-LLN belonged to young German talent Sophie Hinners and Viva Las Vegas W. The pair topped a starting field of 40 entries to win the $85,000 The Dutta Corp. Grand Prix CSI2* on Sunday, March 23, at World Equestrian Center Ocala (WEC) in Ocala, FL. The final day of[...]Read MoreThe post Viva Las Victory for Sophie Hinners on Final Day of Longines League of Nations Ocala appeared first on World Equestrian Center.

Wilmington, Ohio This weeks Wilmington Sunday Spotlight shines on Zara Dow. The seven-year-old rider can be found on many ponies at her family farm, Crailin Stables, in Ontario, Canada, and at both WEC venues. We sat down with Zara after her win in the Walk Trot Equitation Ground Rails to learn more about two of her ponies, Petunia and Mr. Toffee, and her favorite[...]Read MoreThe post Wilmington Sunday Spotlight: Zara Dow appeared first on World Equestrian Center.

Research from the Royal Veterinary College (RVC) has found electroacupuncture has a high success rate in the treatment ofequine trigeminal nerve-mediated headshaking (TMHS).Almost two thirds (64%) of horses who took part in the study showed an improvement in TMHS following their final treatment, while 33% showed a complete resolution of signs and symptoms.TMHS is a painful and distressing disease which causes horses to uncontrollably shake, jerk or flick their head.The exact cause of TMHS is not yet known but it is presumed that the trigeminal nerve (a large nerve which runs across the face) in affected horses reacts excessively to external stimulation.There is currently no cure for the condition and extreme cases can lead to euthanasia.Electroacupuncture is a form of acupuncture which passes an electric current between acupuncture needles to change the pain perception in the nerve. The advantages of electroacupuncture include the fact that it has a low complication rate and that it can be carried out successfully in the yard.Retrospective casesA team of researchers at the RVC, who were led byBettina Dunkel, head of RVC Equine and professor in Equine Internal Medicine, Emergency and Critical Care, and four external collaborators,used a multicentre retrospective case series of 42 horseswho were treated for TMHS with electroacupuncture between 2015 and 2024 by one of the participating veterinarians. The electroacupuncture machine was kindly sponsored by the RVCs Animal Care Trust.The team obtained data which included the profile of the patient, the history, duration and severity of TMHS, the diagnostic tests performed, the number of electroacupuncture treatments and the effect of treatment as perceived by the owner or primary veterinarian, from the sample group. They also asked the horse owners or primary veterinarian to provide the grades of headshaking before the first and after the last treatment using a scale of 0 to 3.Research findings showed that the electroacupuncture procedure was well tolerated by all horses and there was a significant improvement in their headshaking withthe median grade before treatment being graded at a 3, after treatment that had improved to a 1.No improvement was seen in 31% of cases and two horses (4.8%) experienced worsening of clinical signs post-treatment.Viable treatment optionElectroacupuncture is a viable treatment option for horses suffering from this devastating disease, said Professor Dunkel.We are very pleased with the results of the study and hope that it will encourage veterinarians and horse owners to pursue this treatment option.Researchers suggested that changing the duration of the electroacupuncture treatment or electrical frequencies used could help increase the success rate and create longer remission periods. Ruling out other causes of headshaking as much as possible prior to treatment is also essential.Main image Royal Veterinary College.Related contentResistance to antibiotics is growing and this is what we need to do about itHow to tell if a horse is happyCan you read your horses body language?This is what horse ear positions meanHow to lower the risk of equine fluThe post Electroacupuncture is a viable treatment option for equine headshaking, study shows appeared first on Your Horse.

Olympic medallists and World Champions head a star-studded entry for the MARS Badminton Horse Trials on May 7-11th.The three members of Britains victorious Olympic team in Paris last year are entered and the 2022 World Champion Yasmin Ingham will make her Badminton debut, riding Rehy DJ.The reigning European Champions, Ros Canter and her charismatic horse Lordships Graffalo, winners of Badminton in 2023, will be aiming to crown an extraordinary 12 months in which they won Olympic team gold and Burghley. Ross teammate Tom McEwen, the World number one, brings his brilliant Paris ride JL Dublin, plus the former Piggy March mount, Brookfield Quality, and Laura Collett, the individual bronze medallist and a Badminton winner in 2022, has entered the two mares Bling and Hester.The triumphant top three from MARS Badminton 2024 return: defending Champion Caroline Powell from New Zealand with Greenacres Special Cavalier, runner-up Lucy Latta from Ireland, who made a splash with her astonishing debut on RCA Patron Saint, and third-placed British rider Alexander Bragg this time riding Ardeo Premier.Seven of the top 10 riders in the FEI World Rankings are represented. World number two Tim Price has yet to add Badminton to his glittering CV, but he looks to have a great chance with a choice of 2022 World bronze medallist Falco, Burghley runner-up Vitali and Viscount Viktor.With a home European Championships this year, at Blenheim Palace in September, British riders will be vying for selection to defend gold. A strong home representation at MARS Badminton includes the always competitive Oliver Townend with the exciting mare Cooley Rosalent, already a winner at this level, at Kentucky last year, plus the 18-year-old Ballaghmor Class, one of the all-time equine greats with an extraordinary record at five-star level.Others to watch include Emily King (Valmy Biats), Gemma Stevens (Jalapeno and Chilli Knight) and Ben Hobday, reunited with Shadow Man, an Olympic silver medallist under Australias Chris Burton in Paris. Harry Meade, whose five-horse entry includes Cavalier Crystal and Annaghmore Valoner, third and fourth at Burghley last year, has also taken over the ride on the lovely mare Grafennacht from William Fox-Pitt, the other two being Superstition and Et Hop Du Matz.We have competitors from 15 nations wanting to compete at Badminton, from some of the sports biggest names to first timers hoping to pull off an impressive result like Lucy Latta did last year, said Badminton Director Jane Tuckwell. Its going to be a thrilling competition and there is no doubt that the British teams wonderful performance in Paris last year has been an inspiration and a shot in the arm for five-star eventing. It is exciting the entry contains eight horses who have won a five starWith more than 100 entries received, 17 combinations are currently waitlisted. The 15 nations represented, many by Olympic riders, are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, China, France, Great Britain, Germany, Ireland, Japan, Lithuania, New Zealand, Portugal, Switzerland and USA.For a full list of entries, visit https://www.badminton-horse.co.uk/cci5-accepted-entries-for-2025/

Key Points Description Separation Anxiety in Horses Refers to stress-related behaviors in horses when isolated from their herd, especially during injury. Signs of Separation Anxiety Increased heart rate, reluctance to eat/drink, increased urination/defecation, trembling, sweating, vocalization, box- and fence-walking, rearing, bucking. Causes Rooted in horses' instinct for herd living, disruption from being kept in individual stalls, and changes in routine. Gradual Desensitization Exposing the horse to short periods of separation, gradually increasing time, using food/treats for positive reinforcement. Adjusting Turnout Schedules Ensure a companion is nearby by adjusting other horses' schedules to provide familiarity and comfort. Increase Social Interaction Engage the horse in supervised social interactions to maintain a sense of belonging and reduce anxiety. Environmental Enrichment Provide stimuli like mirrors/toys, use comfortable blankets/rugs, maintain a stimulating and comforting environment. Incorporate Music or Audio Use calming music or audio in the stable to create a soothing atmosphere conducive to recovery. Professional Guidance Consult with vets or horse trainers for personalized advice and management plans tailored to the horse's needs. Conclusion Separation anxiety in injured horses requires understanding behavioral signs and using strategies like desensitization, socialization, and enrichment for effective management. Managing Separation Anxiety in Injured Horses: Effective Strategies and SolutionsSeparation anxiety in horses, often referred to as "buddy sour" or "herd-bound," can be an emotionally draining and challenging issue, especially when a horse is injured and must be isolated from its companions. At Just Horse Riders, we understand the complexities of equine behavior and the importance of a well-rounded approach to managing horse health. Horses are social creatures that thrive in herd environments, where they rely on each other for safety and companionship. When injured, being separated from their herd can exacerbate stress and anxiety, hindering recovery and overall well-being. In this article, we'll delve into the signs of separation anxiety in injured horses and explore effective strategies to manage this condition.Signs of Separation Anxiety in HorsesUnderstanding separation anxiety requires attention to various behavioral indicators. Horses experiencing separation anxiety may demonstrate some of the following behaviors: Increased Heart Rate: A heightened heart rate can suggest elevated stress levels. Reluctance to Eat or Drink: Anxiety might suppress appetite, contributing to health decline. Increased Urination or Defecation: Stress can lead to more frequent elimination as a physiological response. Trembling, Sweating, and Vocalization: These are common signs of distress and unease. Box- and Fence-Walking, Rearing, and Bucking: Such behaviors are clear indications of severe anxiety, and they may exacerbate injury [1][3].Causes of Separation AnxietySeparation anxiety is deeply rooted in horses' natural instinct to live in groups. As prey animals, they depend on herd dynamics for safety and protection against predators. However, domestication often disrupts these natural behaviors by placing horses in individualized stalls or paddocks, leading to heightened stress when separated from their companions [1][3]. Horses are creatures of habit; any disruption to their routine can impact their mental and physical health.Managing Separation Anxiety in Injured HorsesManaging separation anxiety effectively requires an approach that integrates gradual desensitization, strategic socialization, and careful environmental adjustments. Here are some key strategies:1. Gradual DesensitizationThis technique involves gradually exposing the injured horse to periods of separation, initially in short increments, such as a few minutes, and slowly increasing the duration as the horse becomes more comfortable. Offer the horse access to rewards, such as food or treats, during these sessions, encouraging positive associations with separation [1][5].2. Adjusting Turnout SchedulesIf circumstances permit, consider adjusting the turnout schedules of other horses to ensure there's always at least one companion nearby while others return to the stable or arena. This close proximity can help alleviate anxiety by providing a familiar presence.3. Increase Social InteractionEncouraging your horse to engage in social interaction can be beneficial. If the injured horse is physically capable, supervised interactions with other horses can help maintain the sense of belonging and reduce anxiety levels. Consider investing in horse vitamins & supplements to support their overall health during this time.4. Environmental EnrichmentProviding enriched environments with interesting stimuli can distract your horse and alleviate anxiety symptoms. Hanging mirrors or toys in the stable can offer mental engagement. Also, consider using seasonal blankets like turnout rugs or stable rugs to enhance comfort. Comfortable and familiar surroundings are key.5. Incorporate Music or AudioResearch suggests that playing calming music or audio recordings in the stable can have a soothing effect on horses. It may not completely eradicate anxiety, but it can assist in creating a tranquil environment conducive to healing.Professional Guidance and SupportWhile these strategies may prove beneficial, consulting with trained professionals such as vets or horse trainers for personalized advice and management plans is always recommended. Experts can provide insights tailored to your horse's specific needs, ensuring the most effective anxiety management approach.ConclusionSeparation anxiety in injured horses is a complex issue that demands patience and a multi-faceted approach. By understanding the behavioral signs and employing strategies like gradual desensitization, socialization, and environmental enrichment, horse owners can significantly alleviate anxiety symptoms, promoting recovery and overall well-being. Remember, at Just Horse Riders, we're here to support all your equestrian needs, from horse riding boots to horse fly protection. Our extensive range provides everything from jodhpurs to riding gloves, ensuring your equestrian experience is as enjoyable as possible.```html```

There were plenty of good individual performances by Irish athletes on the global show jumping circuit in the past week but Nicky Galligan was the big winner, scoring in a four-star speed class on the penultimate week of the Winter Equestrian Festival in Wellington. Galligan, originally from Meath but now based in New York at Guardian Stables, had a target of clear in 62.23 set by Nayel Nassar (EGY) to aim for in the 1.50m contest and managed to eke just over three-tenths of a second off it on board VDL Nikita van de Leeuwerk, stopping the clock on 61.9. Im so proud of (Nikita) and the incredible team behind us that make days like this possible, said a buoyant Galligan. We really do have the best people in our corner. Jordan Coyle and For Gold finished third, and it was the first of three podium finishes for the Ardmore []

Tendon injuries are a diagnosis every equine owner dreads. Heres what to do to ensure the best outcome in the event your horse injures a tendon.Table of ContentsToggleHow Tendon Injuries HappenVaried Treatment of Tendon InjuriesSlow RecoveryUpdate on MilagroKey TakeawayItwas two days after the 4th of July when I decided to take my horse Milagro for a ride alone on the trail. We live in an equestrian community with well-groomed bridle paths, and I planned to have him out for about an hour. We were only about half a block from home when it happened.I heard a car coming down the street we had just turned off. One minute I heard the motor, and the next minute, a loud pop. Someone had thrown a firecracker out of the car window in our direction.Milagro is solid on the trailhes my North American Trail Ride Conference (NATRC) competitive trail horsebut firecrackers are his nemesis. He bolted in terror, racing up the trail at a mad gallop, away from the sound.In an effort to stop him, I turned his head and pushed him with my leg into a tight circle. But the bridle path that once seemed wide and safe was not big enough for a terrified, runaway horse.As I turned him, his back hoof landed on the sloped driveway of one of the homes adjacent to the trail. I felt his back end going down. He scrambled and got his feet under him, but not before he let out a horrible scream.I jumped off and examined his back legs. I didnt see anything obvious, even as I led him home. His adrenaline was racing, and he was practically dragging me.An hour later in his paddock, he had calmed down. It was then that I noticed he was dragging his left hind toe. I called out the vet, who examined him by lifting the affected leg and stretching it out behind him. Instead of bending at the hock, the leg extended straight out in a way that turned my stomach.Hes got a rupture of the peroneus tertius tendon, my veterinarian said.A bowed tendon is so named for the bowed appearance along the back of the leg usually visible after the injury. Photo by Bob LangrishHow Tendon Injuries HappenTendon injuries can occur in two ways: through chronic overuse, or through trauma. Because horses legs are made up of a number of tendons, they are prone to stress and injury.Tendon injuries result from sudden tears or ruptures from a single overloading event, or chronic strains from overuse, says Annette McCoy, DVM, M.S., Ph.D., Dipl. ACVS, associate professor of Equine Surgery at the University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine.Tendon injuries can result from sudden tears or ruptures from a single overloading event, or chronic strains from overuse, according to Dr. McCoy. Photo by Clarence Alford/Adobe StockThe former are usually recognized right away after an athletic episode, and usually have the hallmarks of heat, focal pain when touched, and obvious swelling, she explains. The latter can result in low-grade chronic lameness that can be difficult to diagnose.The most commonly injured tendons and collateral ligaments that support joint stability in non-racing horses are the suspensory ligament, deep digital flexor tendon, the check ligament and the superficial digital flexor tendon, according to Jennifer G. Barrett, DVM, Ph.D., DACVS-LA, DACVSMR-EQ, Theodora Ayer Randolph professor of Equine Surgery at Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center at the Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine.Varied Treatment of Tendon InjuriesThe way a tendon injury is handled right after its discovered can make a big difference in the ultimate outcome.Right after an injury happens, we are trying to combat inflammation and swelling, says McCoy. This is accomplished with a combination of cold therapy like icing or cold-hosing, compression with bandaging, systemic medications like a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug [NSAID] such as phenylbutazone [bute], and stall rest.Immediately after the injury, inflammation and swelling can be helped by icing, cold-hosing, compression bandaging, and NSAID medication (such as bute). Photo by Margaret Burlingham/Adobe StockAlthough scarring of the tendon as it heals cannot be prevented, making the scar tissue as functional as possible is the goal.Controlled exercise in a rehabilitation program helps us to do that, says McCoy. Periodic re-evaluation with ultrasound helps us determine the healing progress. A rehab program might need to be altered, depending on how the tendon is healing.Periodic re-evaluation with ultrasound by your vet helps determine how healing is progressing. Photo by Terri Cage/Adobe StockA number of adjunct therapies can also be used to help tendons heal, including extracorporeal shock-wave therapy, therapeutic ultrasound, and low-level laser and magnetic therapy, although not all of these therapies have been studied in clinical research.Biological therapies such as platelet rich plasma [PRP], autologous conditioned serum, and mesenchymal stem cells injected directly into a tendon injury under ultrasound guidance have shown some promise at either speeding healing, improving the quality of the healed tissue, or helping to reduce the incidence of re-injury, says McCoy.More work is needed to understand exactly how these treatments work, and what injuries are best addressed by using them, she adds. This is a very active area of ongoing research.There are some tendon and ligament injuries that can benefit from surgical treatment, according to Barrett.Examples include the suspensory ligament in hind limbs, the deep digital flexor tendon, and superficial digital flexor tendon when they are injured in a tendon sheath or bursa, she says.Slow RecoveryWhen a horse injures a tendon, the issue can require a temporary layup or permanent retirement. Prognosis is entirely dependent on the severity and location of the injury, but typically ranges from fair to guarded for future athletic use, says McCoy. An owner should expect that their horse will be out of full work for nine to 12 months while the injury heals. Unfortunately, horses that have had a tendon injury are highly prone to re-injury.After a tendon injury, expect your horse to be out of work for 9-12 months. Slow, controlled movement will be introduced under guidance from your vet. Photo by Visual Production/Adobe StockThe way the layup and rehabilitation are handled can make a huge difference in whether the horse is able to return to his previous activity.The hardest thing for owners to understand is that healing takes a very long time for tendons and ligaments, says Barrett. Humans can rest by taking the weight off the limb completely. This is not possible for horses, so we rely on reducing exercise as much as possible during healing.Stall rest is the best we can do to limit trotting and overuse of a healing tendon, but stall rest is hard for owners, and is often seen as hard for horses too, according to Barrett.The same way you need to be on crutchesto heal a tendon, horses need stall rest and very controlled exercise once your veterinarian determines it appropriate, she says. All of the difficult and expensive care your veterinarian provides [might] be wasted if the exercise recommendations are not followed.Stall rest is an important part of recovery from tendon injuries if you want your equine to have the best possible outcome. Photo by Mary CageThe length of stall rest and the limited exercise needed to help the horse recover depends on the injury. Extensive stall rest is usually prescribed early in recovery, with a gradual return to gentle exercise as the tendon heals.Early loadingexerciseof the tissue is the most essential aspect of healing, but we cant load too much, otherwise it breaks again, says Henk Offereins, DVM, of equinetendon.com, an Ireland-based equine management service specializing in the area of tendon injuries. Getting that balance right [is the difference between] success and failure in rehabilitation.Update on MilagroMilagro made a full recovery after rupturing his peroneus tertius tendon, but only after a one-year layup that required three straight months of stall rest with physical therapy on the affected leg. He eventually graduated to hand-walking, slowly building up the amount of time he could be walked over a period of months.Milagro and Audrey at a NATRC competitive trail ride. Photo courtesy Audrey PaviaToday, he is back to trail riding around our community as well as competing in NATRC events. He is so sound these days, I often forget he ever suffered this horrible injury. I believe the long layup and following my veterinarians instructions on rehabilitation made all the difference.Key TakeawayTendon injuries are as complicated as equine injuries comeand certainly time-consuming to recover from. Understanding treatment options and the recovery timeframe can help horse owners and caretakers to better manage any future tendon injuries.Further Reading: Managing Horses with Tendon and Ligament Issues Taking Care of Your Horses TendonsThis article about equine tendon injuries appeared in the April 2024 issue of Horse Illustratedmagazine.Click here to subscribe!The post Treatment of Equine Tendon Injuries appeared first on Horse Illustrated Magazine.

23.03.2025 Team USA winners of the Longines League of Nations™ 2025 in Ocala (USA)(L-R) McLain Ward, Laura Kraut, Robert Ridland (Chef d'Equipe), Lillie Keenan and Aaron Vale © FEI/ Shannon Brinkman Robert Ridland called upon a quartet of experienced athletes to secure a home victory in the second leg of the Longines League of Nations™ 2025 series in Ocala (USA) this evening....