On July 30, a 3-year-old Miniature Horse gelding in Shenandoah County, Virginia, tested positive for Potomac horse fever (PHF). The gelding developed clinical signs on July 28, including fever and watery diarrhea. He is now recovering.The previous week, another horse on the property was treated on the farm for fever and diarrhea with oxytetracycline and supportive care. That horse is also recovering. Both horses were vaccinated against PHF in April 2025.EDCC Health Watch is an Equine Network marketing program that utilizes information from the Equine Disease Communication Center (EDCC) to create and disseminate verified equine disease reports. TheEDCCis an independent nonprofit organization that is supported by industry donations in order to provide open access to infectious disease information.About Potomac Horse FeverPotomac horse fever is caused byNeorickettsia risticii, an organism found in parasites, called flukes (flatworms), that infects aquatic snails and insects. Horses can be infected by ingesting insects carrying Potomac horse fever or by drinking water containingN. risticii. Additionally, horses can get Potomac horse fever by inadvertently consuming infected insects or parasites in feed, water, or on pasture.The incubation period for Potomac horse fever is between one and three weeks, and the mortality rate is up to 30%. Whilevaccines against Potomac horse feverare not 100% effective, vaccinated horses tend to have fewer and less severe clinical signs.Most Potomac horse fever cases are reported in July through September, and outbreaks tend to be seasonal.Horse owners and caretakers, especially those who keep their horses near creeks and rivers, shouldwatch for signs including:DiarrheaColicLoss of appetiteLethargyToxic shockDehydrationAbortion in pregnant maresLaminitisMild to severe fever.