Table of ContentsToggleHow the Study WorkedHow We Speak to HorsesSpeaking to PigsA Similar StudyThe TakeawaysEmotions play a crucial role in social species, helping regulate interactions. In animals, emotions can be assessed based on physiological, behavioral, and cognitive changes. In a study published in BMC Biology, scientists from the University of Copenhagen and ETH Zurich set out to find how animals react emotionally to positive and negative sounds made by both humans and members of their own species. Their discoveries, particularly in regards to how we speak to animals, were quite interesting.Photo by Laurie/Adobe StockHow the Study WorkedUsing hidden speakers, the researchers played recordings of animal sounds and human voices talking gibberish to four species: domestic horses (Equus caballus), Przewalskis horses (Equus przewalskii), domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica), and wild boars (Sus scrofa).The study tested 12 pairs of domestic horses from 14 different breeds and 12 pairs of domestic pigs of the same breed in Switzerland, along with 12 groups of Przewalskis horses and 10 groups of wild boars in various wildlife parks throughout France and Switzerland.Ten groups of wild boars in wilderness areas were studied to compare with domesticated pigs. Photo by lightpoet/Adobe StockTo prevent domesticated animals from reacting to specific words they had previously learned, the researchers hired professional voice actors to mimic positive and negative emotions by talking in a nonsensical way.They would first play positively charged sounds (two to six sounds, depending on the species and the sound duration), pause for 1 minute, and then play negatively charged ones, or vice versa (in a random order).Two important measurements of the animals reactions were valence (ranging from negative to positive) and arousal (ranging from calm to excited levels).All sounds were played at the same intensity, ensuring that the differences were only in terms of species, valence, and the order of valence (positive or negative sounds played first).To determine whether the animals had the ability to distinguish between positive and negative sounds, researchers recorded their behavioral reactions, including ear position and body movement.How We Speak to HorsesTheir results showed that both horse species had a stronger reaction to negative sounds than to positive ones; domestic horses would respond faster, and Przewalskis horses would spend more time walking and less time standing. Such reactions were the same, regardless of the playbacks produced by their species, closely related species, or humans.Approaching horses in a positive and friendly way makes them less reactive and more calm and relaxed. Photo by Rawpixel.com/Adobe StockSpeaking to PigsPigs, just like domestic and Przewalskis horses, could tell the difference between positive and negative sounds from their own kind, closely related species, and humans. However, wild boars reacted more to positive and negative pig calls than to human voices or calls from other wild boars.Domestic pigs were able to tell the difference between positive and negative sounds from their own kind, wild boars, and humans. Photo by dusanpetkovic1/Adobe StockAlthough all four species reacted less and were less attentive when human voices were played compared to calls of their species, they still showed some response. This might suggest that horses have some ability to distinguish whether you are talking positively or negatively to them.The findings here also indicate that the evolutionary history and domestication of animals may have influenced their ability to understand and respond to emotions.A Similar StudyThis study ties well with another one from 2019, which showed that horses associate individual human voices with previous experiences theyve had with them.For example, when hearing voices they had positive previous experiences with, horses would react with increased attention and indicate a positive emotional state (hold their ears forward; their left brain hemisphere would get activated).When they heard voices associated with previous negative experiences, horses would react negatively (hold their ears backward; their right hemisphere would get activated).Such reactions are the result of the way horse brains work. Using the left eye and left ear activates the right brain hemisphere, which is responsible for processing sounds expressing negative emotions (like sadness or fear). Similarly, horses will use their right eye and activate the left hemisphere to process vocalizations expressing positive emotions (for example, happiness).This research not only showed that horses can recognize different human voices, but can also remember the valence of past experiences with these voices. So, when they hear a human voice, their reaction is also influenced by the valence (positive or negative) of their prior interactions with that person.The TakeawaysBoth of these studies show that positive interactions with horses create positive expectations and a favorable attitude in animals. In contrast, negative experiences result in negative emotional states, and horses become less willing to interact.If you approach and speak to animals in a more positive, friendly way, they should react less and become calmer and more relaxed around you.This, of course, should be everyday practice, but these studies still provide an intriguing insight into the emotional intelligence of horses and gives interesting perspectives on communication between humans and animals that affects their welfare.This article about how we speak to animals appeared in the May 2024 issue of Horse Illustratedmagazine.Click here to subscribe!The post How We Speak to Animals appeared first on Horse Illustrated Magazine.

Section Key Points Timing Your Visit Visit during off-peak days for shorter waits and perks. Check weather forecasts to avoid ride closures. Safety Tips Understand and follow ride restrictions and safety signs. Follow safety rules by keeping limbs inside rides and using safety gear. Watch rides beforehand to gauge intensity. Secure loose items and wear appropriate clothing. Know the location of first aid stations and set a meeting point. Safety for All Ages Guide children through rides visually to prepare them. Avoid pressuring children onto rides they fear. Ensure proper seating and use of safety features for children. Older adults and those with health conditions should choose rides carefully. Statistics and Facts About 1,300 injuries reported on fixed amusement rides in North America in 2018. Check rides for maintenance signs and safety permits. Conclusion Planning and adherence to safety measures ensure a safe and enjoyable experience. Discovering the Thrill of Pleasure Rides: Timing and Tips for a Safe Experience Amusement parks are vibrant havens of excitement and adventure, offering a plethora of rides that cater to thrill-seekers and families alike. These destinations can create lasting memories if experienced safely. Here, we'll delve into the best strategies to time your visit perfectly and ensure a secure and enjoyable day. Timing Your Visit Best Time to Visit To maximize your enjoyment and minimize wait times, consider visiting during off-peak days or arriving early in the morning or late in the evening. Many parks offer enticing perks, such as reduced ticket prices and extended hours, during these times. Weather Considerations Weather plays a pivotal role in your amusement park experience. Before setting out, check local forecasts to avoid disruptions caused by adverse weather like rain or extreme heat. Some attractions might close temporarily during such conditions, affecting your plans and enjoyment. Safety Tips for a Fun Experience Understand Ride Restrictions All rides come with specific safety signs, warnings, and restrictions. These advisories, including height, weight, and health restrictions, are crucial for ensuring your safety. Ignoring these guidelines could lead to accidents or heightened health risks, particularly for individuals with medical conditions [source]. Follow Safety Rules Adhere to instructions from ride operators, ensuring you keep your limbs inside the ride and utilize all safety gear. Seat belts, harnesses, and lap bars are not just accessoriesthey're designed to keep you safe [source]. Stay Informed and Aware Before hopping on, watch how a ride operates. It helps gauge its intensity, especially for younger visitors, reducing potential anxiety or fear. This preview can lead to a more pleasant experience [source]. Manage Loose Items and Dress Safely Secure phones, hats, and jewelry before embarking on a ride. Wear closed-toe shoes and opt for clothing that won't snag or fall off during the ride's twists and turns [source]. Plan for Emergencies Locate the nearest first aid stations and establish a meeting point in case of separation. Keep a fully charged phone handy for communication and emergencies.[source]. Safety for All Ages Childrens Safety Watch and Understand: Guide your child through watching rides beforehand to better manage their expectations. Avoid Fears: Don't pressure children onto rides if they're uneasy, as this can lead to unsafe conduct. Seat Children Safely: Ensure they're seated properly, utilizing all safety features [source]. Older Riders and Those with Health Conditions Individuals with existing medical conditions should be prudent in their ride choices. High-speed rides can exacerbate ailments like hypertension or heart issues [source]. Statistics and Facts Injuries: In 2018, about 1,300 individuals were injured on fixed amusement rides in North America, highlighting the importance of adherence to safety protocols [source]. Ride Maintenance: Ensure rides show evident signs of upkeep and have active safety permits. Report any neglect or potential hazards [source]. Conclusion By planning effectively and adhering to safety measures, amusement parks can be a safe hub for entertainment and shared experiences. Whether you're seeking excitement or looking for a relaxing family day, ensuring your visit is informed and prepared will lead to a more enjoyable and secure experience. Stay vigilant, respect restrictions, and above all, have fun!```html```

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Premier Equine has joined forces withYour Horseto give away a 1,000 bundle to one lucky winner*. The bundle is packed with brand new 2025 productsfor both the winner and their fortunate horse. From premium riding apparel to top quality horse equipment, this amazing prize has everything an equestrian needs to upgrade both their own and their four-legged partners wardrobe.Youll find the link to enter and more information about the prizes below. Entries close at 11.59pm on Thursday 22 May 2025. Good luck!About the prizeCedo Ladies Leather Field Tall Riding BootsThese tall riding boots are the perfect blend of style, comfort and performance for serious equestrians. Crafted from high quality durable leather, they feature a specialist jumping sole for optimal grip, flexibility and shock absorption, making them ideal for showjumping and other disciplines that require precise footwork.Evinco Ladies Competition JacketThis jacket from the Black Label collection combines elite performance with refined aesthetics. Crafted from a lightweight fabric with multi-directional stretch, it offers enhanced freedom of movement and breathability.Coco Novo Womens Full Seat Riding BreechesThese breeches from the Black Label collection offer a sculpted, flattering fit with enhanced mobility. Made from a premium four-way stretch fabric, the breeches feature a tonal gel seat, extra knee grip and practical popper-closure pockets.Omnia Womens Waterproof Riding JacketThis riding jacket is crafted from a durable Teflon coating, and its fully waterproof finish ensures protection against the elements. The fleece-lined interior offers warmth.Mizar Leather Riding GlovesThese gloves are crafted from soft leather and also boast breathable Lycra panelling on the knuckles and thumb.Premier Equine Replay Riding SocksThese socks are made from a high-performance technical blend fabric and they offer breathability, a sleek fit and reinforced footbeds.Bug Buster Fly Rug with Detachable Neck Cover and Belly FlapThis fly rug offers full body protection for a horse, with the breathable mesh fabric providing around 65% UV protection. The detachable neck and belly flap shield against flies, bugs and the sun.Stratus 600D Turnout RugThis is a durable, breathable and waterproof turnout rug that is made from a 600-denier diamond triple-weave polyester. It features a seamless design to prevent leaks.Carbon Pro Tendon BootsThese tendon boots offer elite protection with advanced materials like carbon fibre and ACF (artificial cartilage foam). This provides lightweight, shock-absorbing protection for the horses lower leg, safeguarding tendons and ligaments.Necto 3D Mesh Head Collar with matching lead ropeMade from a quality 100% polyester with 3D mesh panels, this headcollar features adjustable buckles and a convenient throatlash clip for easy use.PE Team RucksackThis rucksack combines style and functionality to fulfil every equestrians needs.Find out more about the new Premier Equine range here How to enterFor your chance to win*, you can enter via the link below:ENTER HEREThe closing date is 11.59pm on Thursday 22 May 2025.*UK winners only.Terms and conditions apply and can be found on theentry form page.The post Win a 1,000 prize bundle from Premier Equine appeared first on Your Horse.

The mares colostrum gives her foal vital antibodies to protect them from disease. | Anne M. Eberhardt/The HorseNewborn foals need colostrumthe first milk a mare produces after giving birthto receive vital antibodies that help protect them from disease. To build strong early immunity, foals must consume colostrum within the first 24 hours of life, while they still can absorb those antibodies.In some cases, if a mare produces poor-quality colostrum or if a foal doesnt get enough colostrum or cant absorb the antibodies, it can lead to failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI)commonly called failure of passive transferleaving the foal more vulnerable to illness and less likely to survive.In a recent study, researchers at the University of Glasgow, in Scotland, including Kirsty Gallacher, BVMS, MRCVS, MANZCVS, Dipl. ACT, and Katherine Champion, PhD, examined the relationship between mares colostrum quality and foals weight and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels. Katie Denholm, BVMS, MVSc (Epi), PhD, senior clinician at the universitys School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, said the group measured associations between:Foal risk factors such as sex, birth weight, month and year of birth, and serum Immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration;Dam age and colostrum Brix (%)a method using a Brix refractometer that measures the concentration of solids contained in the colostrum such as antibodies);Serum IgG and daily and weekly live weight gains; andmare colostrum Brix (%) and foal serum IgG concentration (measured between 12 and 24 hours after birth).Examining Mare Colostrum IgG, Foal Serum IgG, and Foal WeightThe researchers weighed and measured the serum IgG concentrations in a total of 535 Thoroughbred foals within 20 hours of birth daily for the first seven days of life, and then weekly until the foals were 130 days old. They also measured colostrum in the 177 mares, finding a moderate correlation between foal serum IgG concentration and mare colostrum IgG concentration (as estimated by Brix). However, foal serum IgG concentration did not significantly correlate with foal average daily weight gain during the study.Denholm said while sex of the foal was not significantly associated with serum IgG concentrations, for every increase in foal birth weight (per kilogram unit), the research team saw small but significant increases in foal serum IgG concentration (0.04 grams).However, when they investigated weight categories, foals in the higher birth weight categories tended to have lower serum IgG concentrations. Veterinarians tend to be concerned for the overall health status of lower birth weight foals, but our findings may raise increased concern for large birth weight foals and for due diligence in testing serum IgG levels in all foals, she said.Denholm and her research colleagues also found that foals born later in the year had lower colostrum Brix (%) values and gained less weight per day on average, compared to those born earlier. Additionally, increasing dam age at foaling was linked with lower colostrum Brix (%), and serum IgG (grams/liter) concentration was associated with year of birth of the foals, foal birth weight (kg) and colostrum Brix, Denholm said.For every percent increase in mare colostrum Brix, Denholm observed small but significant increases in foal serum IgG concentration (0.25g/L). Of the 112 colostrum samples with low Brix, 89 resulted in foals with serum IgG concentrations less than 4g/L (indicating FTPI), said Denholm. This suggests that further high-quality colostrum supplementation for these foals (as per breeding farm protocol) may not be happening promptly enough to allow for absorption through the foals neonatal enterocytes (specialized cells in the small intestine of neonates that play a vital role in absorbing colostral milk proteins such as immunoglobulins) before they become impermeable to large IgG molecules. This can potentially compromise foal immunization and long-term health.Take-Home MessageDenholm and her fellow researchers noticed a correlation between mare colostrum quality and foal IgG levels; however foal IgG levels did not commonly correlate with their weight gain. Larger newborn foals likely need a higher volume of high-quality colostrum shortly after birth to confirm passive immunity, said Denholm. Over the course of the study, Denhom and her team noticed a trend toward larger foals, which highlights the need for colostrum management and quick decision-making regarding therapeutic dosage by breeders and veterinarians.The study, Mare colostrum quality and relationship with foal serum immunoglobulin G concentrations and average daily weight gains, was published in Equine Veterinary Journal in January 2025.