Welcome to Barn Banter, the official podcast of Horse Illustrated. In Barn Banter episode 41, sponsored by CareCredit, hosts Susan Friedlandand Horse Illustrated Editor In Chief Holly Caccamise chat with author Natalie Keller Reinert.To end the episode, Susan and Holly chat with April Perry, equine technician for Kentucky Humane Society in Simpsonville, Ky., about Demara, this months ASPCA Right Horse adoptable horse.Click here to listen on mobile.Barn Banter Episode 41 SponsorThe CareCredit credit card is a friendly, flexible way to pay over time for veterinary care for your horse, dog, cat and other animals in your family. Its your card for a Lifetime of Care. Subject to credit approval. To learn more visit carecredit.com/3day.Natalie Keller Reinert, AuthorBarn Banter episode 41 guest Natalie Keller Reinert.Natalie is a full-time author whose work has been featured in People, Variety, EQUUS, and Sidelines. Her fiction is deeply rooted in real-life horse culture, written for readers who crave authenticity, emotional honesty, and complex characters. She writes for the young women who never stopped loving horses, for the professionals keeping barn life alive, and for anyone whos ever tried to make sense of their identity through the things they love.Natalies new book The Jump from Flatiron Press is releasing March 24. Natalies WebsiteAdoptable Horse of the Month, DemaraPhoto courtesy Kentucky Humane SocietyDemara came to Kentucky Humane Society from a case where her owner couldnt afford to meet her needs anymore, so she was very underweight and a State Investigator recommended the horses be signed over to KHS. With a dental, deworming, and a bit of pasture/hay/feed, Demara is much healthier and is even ready to be ridden again. She was good for her evaluation ride and seems to be a gaited Saddlebred. Demara would make a nice occasional leisure riding horse, or with a little bit of tuning back into a routine she could be a star on your lesson string (for someone kind, who doesnt use up their lesson horses, of course). She clearly knows her way around the arena and just needs somebody to kindly bring her back into the swing of under saddle work.Her DNA was sponsored by a kind person, and KHS found out she is registered as Early Girl Tomato.Learn more about Demara here.In addition to Barn Banter episode 41, you can check out all previous episodes of Horse Illustrateds podcasts here.The post Barn Banter Episode 41: Sponsored by CareCredit appeared first on Horse Illustrated Magazine.

In this provocative poetic essay, James Garnham the pen name of Professor Emeritus David Mellor indicts a sport that has inflicted bit-induced pain on horses for millennia, traces the science that finally made those signs visible, and challenges governing bodies and elite competitors who continue to obstruct meaningful reform.The post Bits Bite: The Plight of Sport Horses appeared first on Horses and People.

A dedicated equine welfare ambassador has been recognised for his efforts improving the lives of horses across the globe.Professor Chris Riggs,FRCVS, Director Equine Welfare Research Foundation and Chief Advisor, Mainland Veterinary Engagement, The Hong Kong Jockey Club (HKJC),was awarded the Sir Colin Spedding Award at the National Equine Forum (5March), where he also delivered the events annual Memorial Lecture.Force of nature Chris has advanced veterinary education and clinical standards in China and across Asia, and through scholarships, advocacy and the founding of the Equine Welfare Research Foundation, his impact has strengthened the care of horses globally.Chris has worked for the HKJC for more than 20 years. He led the creation of the HKJC Equine Welfare Research Foundation to provide funding to researchers working in the field of equine welfare, focusing on the racehorse.Professor Chris Riggs receiving the Sir Colin Spedding Award, presented by HRH The Princess Royal, President of the National Equine Forum. Credit: Shai Dolev Photography www.shaidolev.comI am honoured, humbled and delighted to have won the NEF Sir Colin Spedding Award, he said. Both this prestigious Award and the opportunity to present the Memorial Lecture have enabled me to shine a spotlight on some of the great things happening on the Chinese Mainland, as well as some of the challenges there and the growing motivation to enhance equine veterinary care.I wish to emphasise that everything I have done has been made possible by the commitment of the Hong Kong Jockey Club to promoting high quality equestrian sport and equine welfare. Without the generosity of the Club in doing good things for the horse, I wouldnt have been able to achieve anything significant. I sincerely believe this award should be shared with the HKJC.Tim Smalley, Founder and Managing Director of Bedmax, nominated Chris Riggs for the Sir Colin Spedding Award. Thanks to Chris there is now a much better knowledge in China to support the growing equine population, he said. As an excellent communicator and clinician, he has been able to influence things, which in another culture and with a complicated system is not easy.Standards in HK racing might be argued to be better than anywhere else in the world and Chris is behind this. However, his impact has been broader than just the racing industry driven by general horse welfare across the Chinese Mainland.Sir Colin Spedding was the founding chairman of the NEF and chaired the event for 20 years until his death in 2012. The award was introduced in 2013, in his memory. It is presented annually to an exceptional unsung hero of the equestrian world. Di Arbuthnot, the former Chief Executive of the charity Retraining of Racehorses (RoR) won the 2025 Sir Colin Spedding Award in recognition of her dedication to racehorse welfare. Joint winners received the Award in 2024. Kirsty Withnall was recognised for her determination as an RSPCA Case Officer and Amanda Stoddart-West was acknowledged for her pioneering work to enhance equine wellbeing as a Coordinator at the Great Yorkshire Show. More from Your Horse Essential horse worming schedule and management tips from a vetIs AI quietly revolutionising horse welfare? What it means for youHorse behaviour explained: why everything they do has meaningThe post Lives of horses enhanced thanks to passionate welfare ambassador appeared first on Your Horse.

A piebald cob who found himself trapped in a fast-flowing river is back on dry land thanks to a team of rescuers.The gelding, named Mitch, was stuck in the River Stour and unable to free himself due to the steep banks.Crews from Wyre Forest, Worcester and Bromyard Fire Station were called to the scene and established that Mitch would need to be lifted from the river. Vet Carrie of Connaught Equine Vets was also present.Mitch was understandably distressed, exhausted and shivering, having become wedged on the edge of a steep bank, explained Connaught Equine Vets.After careful discussion and a full risk assessment, a plan was put in place to ensure the safest possible outcome for everyone involved.A local farmer with a telehandler was able to come to the riverside as the team prepared Mitch for his exit.As he was calm and securely positioned, rescue strops were placed while he remained unsedated, continued the vets. Carrie, was then taken out onto the rescue sled in the river so she could safely administer sedation. This allowed Mitch to stay relaxed and comfortable while he was carefully lifted back onto dry land.Once out of the river, Carrie carried out a full examination on Mitch and he was found to be hypothermic, very tired and shaken. Mitch was warmed, given pain relief and closely monitored.We are very pleased to share that by the following morning, Mitch was back to his normal self bright, comfortable and completely unbothered by his unexpected adventure! the vets said.Both Connaught Equine Vets and the Fire Service expressed their gratitude to all those who helped safely rescue Mitch.Thanks to everyone that took ok art in this challenging rescue, we achieved a brilliant result as a team, added a spokesman for Bromyard Fire Station.Images by Bromyard Fire StationRelated contentPreparing for disaster: How to plan for emergencies and evacuationsHorse rescued after falling through bridgeHandy guide to horse health insurance and vet fees coverThe post Stranded horse saved from fast-flowing water in dramatic river rescue appeared first on Your Horse.

10 min read Last updated: January 2026 Got a bright, leggy two-year-old and want to set them up without overloading their growing body? Youll learn the calm, confidence-building basics24/7 herd turnout, short positive groundwork, and a BHS-backed 'no riding yet' planso you end up with a safer, easier-to-back youngster. Quick Summary Short on time? Here are the key takeaways. Area: 24/7 Herd Turnout What To Do: Turn your two-year-old out full-time with calm companions, shelter, clean water and ample forage. Keep routines steady and check fences and rugs weekly. Why It Matters: Herd life and movement support physical growth, confidence and calm behaviour. Common Mistake: Stabling alone for long periods, creating stress and pent-up energy. Area: No Riding at Two What To Do: Do not back or ride a two-year-old; postpone long reining and tack work until at least three. Stick to in-hand basics only. Why It Matters: Early ridden work risks welfare and conflicts with BHS guidance for under-fours. Common Mistake: Just sitting on or lunging to tire them out. Area: Short Calm Handling What To Do: Do brief daily basicscatch, lead, light groom, pick up feetand end on a win. Approach from the side, talk softly and avoid blind spots. Why It Matters: Consistent, low-pressure contact builds trust and manners without overwhelm. Common Mistake: Long, intense sessions that flood a youngsters brain. Area: Foundation Groundwork What To Do: Teach yielding to light pressure, polite leading, calm tying (safe tie ring), and step on/off the horsebox/trailer to the balance point. Release instantly on the right answer. Why It Matters: Clear pressure-and-release creates a light, responsive horse for future ridden work. Common Mistake: Pulling and nagging, which teaches leaning and dullness. Area: Winter Care & Rugging What To Do: Provide shelter and clean, dry hay; split forage into multiple piles to reduce squabbles. Rug as needed and check fit and skin under rugs regularly. Why It Matters: Consistent forage and weather-appropriate protection keep weight and welfare steady in damp UK winters. Common Mistake: Over-rugging or leaving a wet, poorly fitting rug on for days. Area: In-Hand Outings What To Do: Visit quiet venues in-hand with an experienced companion, keeping trips short and positive. Arrive early, walk a lap, reward calm, and leave before it gets busy. Why It Matters: Controlled exposure builds confidence without the stress of riding or chaos. Common Mistake: Forcing loading or staying until the horse is frazzled. Area: Handler Safety Basics What To Do: Wear a riding hat and hi-vis near roads, keep the rope short and organised, and stand at shoulder or hip. Avoid getting pinned; salt icy patches and shut doors. Why It Matters: Safe positioning and preparation prevent most yard and in-hand accidents. Common Mistake: Standing in front, looping ropes round hands, or leading past tied horses. Area: Essential Kit What To Do: Use a well-fitted headcollar and lead rope, soft grooming tools, leg protection for travel, and a reliable waterproof turnout rug. Carry a few small treats to mark yes. Why It Matters: Simple, well-fitting kit keeps sessions clear, comfortable and safe for young minds. Common Mistake: Over-gearing with harsh tools or ignoring fast growth and changing sizes. In This Guide What should you do with a two-year-old horse? Can you ride or back a two-year-old? How much handling does a two-year-old need? What groundwork is appropriate at two? How to manage turnout and winter in the UK How to introduce shows and new places (without riding) Safety essentials when handling two-year-olds Essential kit for your two-year-old A two-year-old is all legs, curiosity and potential. Get this stage right and youll have a safer, happier horse who finds the ridden work ahead easy. Get it wrong and you can create habits that are hard to unpick later.Key takeaway: Two-year-olds should live out in company, learn calm basics on the ground, and not be ridden; BHS guidance prohibits riding horses under four on showgrounds and prioritises quiet, confident handling.What should you do with a two-year-old horse?Turn your two-year-old out 24/7 in a herd, keep handling short and positive, and focus on life skills rather than work. This builds confidence and allows physical and mental development without pressure.UK owner consensus aligns clearly: 2 year olds should be out 24/7 with company and pretty much left to be a baby and grow long reining can wait until at least three years old (Horse & Hound Forum). The British Horse Society (BHS) also stresses that young horses need quiet, confident handling, especially as exciting environments can overwhelm them (BHS Code of Practice for the Welfare of Horses at Events).Practically, this looks like peaceful daily routines: catching, leading to the field, a brief groom, feet picked out and back with their mates. Save anything more structured for next year when maturity starts to catch up with that fast-growing body.Pro tip: Keep a simple diary and note 510 minute wins (stood quietly tied, loaded to the balance point and back, picked up all four feet). Small, consistent reps build a rock-solid adult horse.Can you ride or back a two-year-old?No do not ride a two-year-old. The BHS prohibits riding horses under four years old on showgrounds, and experienced UK owners recommend delaying backing while prioritising turnout and calm handling.The welfare focus is absolutely clear. Under the BHS event welfare code, horses under four years of age should not be ridden on the showground (BHS Event Welfare Code). UK owner consensus is to let them grow in the field and defer anything like long reining until at least three (Horse & Hound Forum).What can you do instead? Plenty. Hand-walks to see new places, basic yielding to pressure, loading practice, standing tied, and in-hand obstacle work are all excellent foundations. When your horse is older and you do begin light work, follow BHS feeding safety: avoid riding directly after a bucket feed to reduce the risk of digestive upset (BHS coach guidance).How much handling does a two-year-old need?Keep it minimal, calm and consistent: catching, leading, brief grooming, picking up feet and basic desensitisation are enough. Otherwise, let them be a baby at pasture with friends.Two-year-olds dont need daily training sessions they need steady, friendly contact. Approach safely and predictably: the BHS recommends approaching from the side, being aware of blind spots, and talking gently as you come in (BHS coach guidance). In the stable, stand to the side rather than directly in front or behind, and avoid trapping yourself against walls or gates.Short sessions are best. Halter, lead a few steps, stop and breathe together, scratch a favourite spot, pick up a foot and release. End on a success. For nervous or difficult-to-catch youngsters, leaving a headcollar on in the field for a limited period and using a small feed or a few rewards can help while you build trust (this aligns with UK owner experience and the emphasis on quiet handling from the BHS: owner consensus; BHS).For these gentle sessions, choose soft, non-intimidating tools. Our customers rate gentle grooming kits for building positive associations, and a pocketful of low-key rewards from our training treats selection can speed up catch me games without stress.What groundwork is appropriate at two?Teach leading manners, yielding to pressure, calm tying, and basic loading cues all in short, positive sessions with immediate release on the right answer. Avoid long reining or tack work until at least three.The aim is responsiveness without stress. Use pressure-and-release consistently: ask softly, hold steady, and the instant the horse yields, release completely. This prevents the lean and pull habit and builds lightness (see a solid demonstration of timing and release in this pressure-release leading video). Youre shaping forward, halt, step-back, and a step over with shoulders or hindquarters the ABCs your future rider will thank you for.Before three, set your youngster up with life skills rather than mileage. Helpful milestones include calm tying (start with a safe tie ring/weak link), walking past people and equipment politely, loading up to the balance point and stepping back on cue, and relaxed in-hand poles or independence walks to see the world (LagoBallo groundwork milestones). Build farrier tolerance by handling limbs and touching the heels and fetlocks daily, always ending quietly once you get one soft lift.Quick tip: If you walk out on lanes or bridleway verges, wear high-visibility gear so both of you are seen well before any bend or brow of a hill.How to manage turnout and winter in the UKProvide 24/7 herd turnout with shelter, plentiful forage, and weather-appropriate rugging to keep your two-year-old warm and dry through wet, windy British weather. Keep feeding consistent and hay clean and dry.UK winters are damp and changeable, so plan for mud and chill. A field shelter or good natural cover gives youngsters a choice to get out of wind and rain. Keep forage consistent the BHS stresses the importance of clean, dry hay and steady routines for young horses (BHS coach guidance). If your youngster struggles to keep weight, review forage quality and quantity first; slow feeders and multiple small piles reduce squabbles and help timid types eat their share.Rug if your horse needs it based on condition, weather and coat; many two-year-olds appreciate a waterproof layer in prolonged wet. Explore our range of reliable, waterproof winter turnout rugs sized for growing frames, and check fit weekly growth spurts happen fast. Take rugs off regularly to groom and assess body condition and skin.On the yard, follow BHS seasonal safety: keep stable doors shut properly, salt icy patches, and use warning signs for kick-prone youngsters in busy areas (BHS winter handling guidance). A few minutes of prevention can avoid slips and spooks on cold mornings.How to introduce shows and new places (without riding)Take your youngster in-hand with an older, experienced companion horse, keep first visits short and positive, and never ride on the showground until they are at least four. Prioritise calm handling over winning the ring.The BHS is explicit: young horses should be quietly, confidently handled, and shouting and hitting the horse in most circumstances will make the situation worse (BHS Event Welfare Code).Young horses will require quiet, confident handling. The show atmosphere may prove to be of great excitement for the young, inexperienced horse. British Horse SocietyStart with low-key environments: a friends yard, a quiet clinic venue or a small show for a wander. Arrive early, walk a lap, watch the warm-up from a distance, and leave before the energy peaks. If you can, bring a sensible older horse BHS specifically recommends this to help youngsters gain confidence in busy settings (BHS guidance).Safety first for handlers: wear a hat and visible clothing for in-hand work around vehicles and crowds. Our curated riding helmets and hi-vis essentials keep you seen and protected. Consider protective horse boots and bandages during travel or in-hand sessions on stony ground. Load and unload only within your horses comfort zone the lesson is walk on and back off calmly, not force it today. A few small wins beat one big battle every time. A couple of pocket-sized rewards from our treats range can help mark the moment you want.Safety essentials when handling two-year-oldsApproach from the side, speak softly, stand out of kick zones, and never trap yourself between the horse and a fixed object. Good habits now prevent most mishaps later.The BHS coach framework outlines safe approach and positioning: come from the side, be aware of blind spots, and talk as you walk in; stand to the shoulder or hip rather than in front or directly behind (BHS coach guidance). Keep a short, organised lead rope, and use your body as a boundary a gentle push to the shoulder or hindquarter (paired with clear voice cues) re-establishes personal space without drama.On yards, follow common-sense rules the BHS reinforces seasonally: shut doors, dont lead past a horse tied where you can be pinned, salt icy walkways, and mark kickers clearly (BHS winter handling guidance). If youre doing slightly more as your horse approaches three, remember BHS feeding safety: do not ride directly after a bucket feed (BHS coach guidance); apply the same caution to any energetic work in-hand.At Just Horse Riders, we recommend making calm and clear your mantra: ask once, hold steady, release instantly when you get the try. Consistency is your safest tool.Essential kit for your two-year-oldKeep it simple: a well-fitted headcollar and rope, a weather-appropriate turnout rug, soft grooming tools, and safe travel gear cover almost everything youll do at two.Turnout protection: A reliable waterproof rug helps youngsters through long wet spells. Explore proven, durable options from our turnout rugs collection and trusted brands like WeatherBeeta. Check fit often and adjust as they grow.Grooming basics: Soft brushes to desensitise and clean without overwhelming sensitive skin. See our hand-picked grooming essentials.In-hand safety: A good lead rope, a rope halter if youre experienced (for clarity, not force), and optional leg protection for in-hand walks or travel.Visibility and head protection for you: When leading near roads, wear hi-vis and consider a helmet for in-hand clinics or busy showgrounds.Field comfort: A simple field shelter, clean water, multiple hay stations, and well-maintained fencing are non-negotiables for 24/7 turnout.Motivation and marks of yes: A few small, healthy treats help you reward the right answers without making food the point of the session.At Just Horse Riders, we prioritise kit that feels good for young minds: soft, quiet, well-fitted and easy to use. If youre unsure what size or style to choose, our team is happy to help you select the calmest option for your youngster.FAQsCan I ride my two-year-old horse yet?No. The BHS prohibits riding horses under four on showgrounds, and experienced UK owners recommend turnout and quiet groundwork rather than any ridden work at two (BHS Event Welfare Code; Horse & Hound Forum).How much handling should a two-year-old get?Just the basics: calm catching, leading, brief grooming and feet handling. Otherwise, leave them 24/7 at pasture with company to grow and gain confidence (owner consensus).When should I start groundwork like long reining?Wait until at least three years old for long reining. At two, focus on yielding to pressure, tying, polite leading and early loading cues (groundwork milestones).How do I safely approach and handle a youngster in a stable?Approach from the side, talk gently, stand to the shoulder or hip (not directly in front/behind), and keep the rope short and organised. Be aware of blind spots and never trap yourself against walls or doors (BHS coach guidance).What if my two-year-old is hard to catch?Keep sessions calm and short; use a headcollar in the field temporarily and reward small tries. Build trust daily without overloading with shows or busy environments (owner consensus; BHS guidance).What groundwork method should I use for leading?Use pressure-and-release: hold steady if they pull, release immediately when they step forward or soften, so they learn that giving to the rope is comfortable (pressure-release demo).What rug does a two-year-old need in winter?Choose a waterproof turnout suited to your horses condition and the days weather. Check fit weekly as they grow and pair with clean, dry forage and shelter for warmth and welfare (BHS feeding and care emphasis). Browse our turnout rugs for reliable coverage.Raising a two-year-old is about building trust and skills that will last a lifetime. Keep it quiet, keep it kind, and keep it simple and youll have a horse who meets the world with confidence when its time to ride. Shop the Essentials Everything mentioned in this guide, ready to browse. Shop Turnout RugsShop Grooming KitShop Horse TreatsShop Hi-Vis GearShop Boots & Bandages

A horse will gallop across an entire pasture to greet a returning herd mate. That same horse might spend 20 minutes dodging you in a paddock the size of a tennis court. What does the other horse know that you dont?This brings us to one of the most common myths in horsemanship: Just catch your horse any way you can. Did you know your session, and its probability for success, actually starts the moment your horse sees you?By nature, humans are predators while horses are prey animals. All horseseven domesticated onesare naturally perceptive to people, places, changes, and things. Horses know the safe place is with the herd, and when startled or bothered, they will fly from fear.Think about the example I mentioned above of a horse running to greet another horse. This is how I want my horse to respond when he sees me. To create this type of bond, a change needs to take place in us first. In my 50-plus years in the equine industry, Ive never once met a horse who went out human shopping. Were the ones who chose them, so the privilege and responsibility lies with us to alter our approach. If someone showed up at your door every day with chocolate, flowers, and genuine kindnessno agenda, no demandsyoud probably start looking forward to seeing them.Please understand, though, this is not about bribing your horse. This is about walking for a minute in your horses horseshoes. Its your idea to catch your horse to go do _________ (fill in the blank with your desired activity or discipline). But what was your horse doing before you showed up? Most likely hanging with his friends or in a place he feels safe, like his stall or pasture. Horses are motivated by safety, comfort, and play (in that order). If they dont feel safe, they arent comfortable. And if they dont feel safe and comfortable, its challenging to play or perform well. In this day and age, time is a precious commodity. Were often multitasking, squeezing in riding sessions between errands and school pickups or after work. In spite of this, lets practice the Parelli Principle of Take the time it takes so it takes less time. You most likely already realize the importance of pairing your riding sessions with a good physical warmup and cool-down. But, have you considered a mental and emotional warmup and cool-down with your horse?Here at Parelli, we call this undemanding time, basically the time we do more of what our horses like to do, where they feel safe. Grazing time. Hang out time. Scratches and grooming time. Practice staying intentional, meaningful, and present with your horse. Invest in what he likes and he will be more apt to offer more of what you like.Our goal is to teach you how to safely and effectively train your horse at home, so that both you and your horse can have more fun and achieve excellence togethercreating a true partnership based on trust and mutual understanding.I could teach you dozens of ways to catch a horse. But Id rather teach you how to cause your horse to want to catch you.Learn more about our digital home-study curriculum, the Levels Program, at Parelli.com.This article appeared in the March/April 2026 issue of Horse Illustratedmagazine.Click here to subscribe!The post Horsemanship Myth 1: Catch your horse any way you can. appeared first on Horse Illustrated Magazine.

9 min read Last updated: January 2026 Struggling to turn your bold ex-racehorse from flat-out to balanced and rideable? This step-by-step polework plan shows you how to build rhythm, suppleness and a lifted topline safelystarting with 520 minutes of calm, walk-based poles each day for confident, lasting results. Quick Summary Short on time? Here are the key takeaways. Area: Daily Walk Poles What To Do: Do 520 minutes of in-hand walk over 46 heavy poles daily, both reins, with breathing pauses. Keep an elastic contact and prioritise a calm, even tempo. Why It Matters: Builds rhythm, suppleness, balance and core safely without fatigue. Common Mistake: Chasing speed or perfection instead of relaxed, repeatable rhythm. Area: Start Straight, Then Trot What To Do: Begin with straight corridors in walk and only introduce trot once your horse is relaxed, rhythmic and confident. Add curves later, after straight lines feel easy. Why It Matters: Establishes correct patterns before adding energy, preventing rushing. Common Mistake: Adding trot or curves before straight walk work is balanced. Area: In-Hand Foundations What To Do: Teach halt, stand, step on and soft turns with voice cues; wear a fitted hat and gloves. Practise calm approaches and exits around poles. Why It Matters: Clear communication keeps first ridden pole sessions calm and safe. Common Mistake: Skipping groundwork and pulling on the rein to manage keenness. Area: Progressive Raising What To Do: Once calm over flat poles, slightly raise alternate ends; on curves, lift inside ends a touch. Increase height gradually over sessions. Why It Matters: Encourages lift, engagement and lateral flexion without strain. Common Mistake: Raising too soon or too high, causing tension and loss of rhythm. Area: Curved Pole Circles What To Do: Set five poles on a 5 m half-circle; walk over half the arc, use the empty half to rebalance, then repeat on both reins. Only add trot when the walk is swinging. Why It Matters: Builds true bend, coordination and hindlimb reach progressively. Common Mistake: Trotting curves before the horse maintains balance without leaning. Area: Hamstring Care & Topline What To Do: Warm up, then polework or long-rein; finish with gentle hindlimb stretches and massage grooming, and keep the back warm afterwards. Why It Matters: Releases tight hamstrings so the back can lift and the topline develop. Common Mistake: Stretching cold muscles or skipping post-work aftercare. Area: Season-Smart Routines What To Do: Use winter for short, indoor foundations; in spring/summer add variety, long reining and set realistic RoR show targets. Why It Matters: Weather and footing affect safety and progress, while goals keep training phased. Common Mistake: Pushing on poor footing or without a seasonal plan. Area: Simple, Safe Kit What To Do: Use heavy 10 ft poles/cavalletti, limb protection, grippy boots and appropriate rugs; keep massage-friendly grooming tools ready. Why It Matters: Reliable basics support daily consistency and protect horse and handler. Common Mistake: Using light, unstable poles or skipping boots during early toe-tapping stages. In This Guide Why polework transforms ex-racehorses Where to begin: straight walk poles, then trot (when relaxed) Daily in-hand polework: Pilates that builds topline Build bend and balance with curved poles Fix tight hamstrings and hollow toplines UK seasons and show goals for ex-racehorses The kit youll need for safe, successful polework Your ex-racehorse has bravery and heart in spades now it needs new movement patterns. Polework is the fastest, kindest way to swap flat-out for balanced, rideable, show-ring-ready.Key takeaway: Consistent walk-based polework (520 minutes daily) rebuilds rhythm, suppleness, balance and core strength in ex-racehorses safely, without rushing.Why polework transforms ex-racehorsesPolework systematically develops rhythm, suppleness, balance and coordination exactly the areas ex-racehorses need post-racing. It also engages the core and encourages a shorter, lifting frame thats suitable for ridden careers.As veterinary physiotherapist Gillian Higgins of Horses Inside Out explains,Polework is one of the most versatile and beneficial tools for retraining. It helps with rhythm, suppleness, balance and coordination all areas that ex-racers often need to develop. SourceMany ex-racers arrive with an over-long, stretched out frame from galloping and a tendency to run through the hand. Polework changes how they use their bodies: lifting the back and shoulders, stepping under with the hindlimb, and softening the neck. Thats why its the cornerstone of early retraining whether your goal is a happy hacker or an RoR show champion.Where to begin: straight walk poles, then trot (when relaxed)Start with straight lines of walk poles to encourage careful foot placement and core engagement, and only introduce trot when your horse stays relaxed, rhythmic and confident. Avoid curves until straight lines feel easy and balanced.Set 46 poles in a straight corridor with plenty of approach and exit. In the early days, simply walk through in a calm tempo on a longish, elastic contact. Let your horse look, think and breathe your aim is rhythm, not speed. When everything feels settled, you can very gradually raise alternate pole ends to increase lift through the limbs and back.Progression should be systematic. Horses Inside Out emphasises gradual, confidence-led steps so the new movement patterns stick without tension. This is especially important for ex-racers who are used to powering forward; youre rewiring balance, not practising for the Derby anymore. If your horse gets keen, circle away, re-establish a breathing walk, and come again.Before any polework under saddle, give your ex-racer a foundation in basic manners and voice cues in-hand: halt, stand, step on calmly, and relaxed turns. That calm communication will pay off the first time you ride through poles and feel your horse take a breath rather than a leap.Quick tip: Wear a well-fitted riding hat for all early in-hand sessions with an OTTB its still training, and your safety matters. Explore our range of certified riding helmets.Daily in-hand polework: Pilates that builds toplineIn-hand polework is equine Pilates: 5 minutes a day makes a difference, while 1520 minutes is ideal, done in walk with heavy poles. Distances dont need to be exact if your horse taps a pole, simply carry on.Your Horses training experts describe groundwork polework as pilates for equines, and crucially, you dont need to chase perfection to get results. The focus is calm repetition and correct posture, not fancy footwork. Use 10ft, heavy poles for stability and ask for walk only to begin. Work both reins, and repeat each exercise 23 times, with thinking pauses between efforts. If your horse drifts or gets stuck, a light touch with a schooling whip on the shoulder or hindquarter can clarify the request without pulling.Two simple, high-impact in-hand set-ups:Straight corridor of walk poles (46 poles). Walk through, halt, breathe, turn away on a big arc, repeat on the other rein.V-shape: one pole on the ground, two raised to create a narrowing channel. Step yourself slightly to the outside as your horse threads the gap. Over sessions, narrow the V to encourage more lift and straightness through shoulder and neck.Pro tip: Choose good footwear and comfortable, grippy legwear for in-hand sessions on wet UK days. Our yard-proof horse riding boots give you sure footing, and breathable layers keep you focused when the weather doesnt.Build bend and balance with curved polesUse five poles on a 5 m half-circle and walk rhythmically over half the arc, rebalancing on the empty half before repeating. This builds true bend, hindlimb reach and coordination without rushing.Horses Inside Out recommends placing five poles like a clockface 12, 1:30, 3:00, 4:30 and 6:00 on a 5 m diameter semi-circle. Walk from 12 to 6 over the poles, then use the empty half of the circle to breathe, stretch, and reset the rhythm before you repeat. Start with poles on the ground; when your horse is confident, slightly raise the inside ends to encourage more lift through the inside hind and lateral flexion through the ribcage.Keep sessions short and positive. If your ex-racer rushes, loses rhythm, or bends the neck without moving the ribs (a common fake bend), go back to easy straight lines for a set, then try the curve again. Trot over curved poles only when the walk is swinging and the horse maintains balance without leaning.Quote this to remind yourself to go slowly:Retraining racehorses for showing takes time, patience and repetition sympathetic and well-thought-out training can go a long way. Jo Bates, show horse specialist (Horse & Hound)Fix tight hamstrings and hollow toplinesEx-racehorses often carry tight, overdeveloped hamstrings and a long, drawn out posture; post-exercise stretching plus polework and long reining to encourage hindlimb reach will soften those muscles and lift the topline.Jessica Limpkin, an Equine Massage Therapist, highlights how racings propulsion phase can over-develop the hamstrings, leaving ex-racers tight behind and long through the back and neck not ideal for a ridden outline. Her programme combined progressive massage to relax the hamstrings with work that encouraged hindlimb reach and back lift. After each session, she stretched the hindlimbs to consolidate the new, longer muscle length, noting how this approach improves comfort and posture over time (case study).Build that same aftercare into your week:Warm up first (in-hand walking, then easy poles), then ride or long-rein.Finish with gentle hamstring and hindlimb stretches while the horse is warm.Use massage grooming tools to loosen muscles and promote circulation.Keep the back warm post-session to avoid tightening as temperatures drop.At Just Horse Riders, we recommend supportive legwear during early polework: brushing boots or soft bandages protect limbs as your horse learns to place its feet carefully. See our curated horse boots and bandages.For post-session care, a cosy stable layer helps prevent muscles chilling in UK weather. Browse our breathable stable rugs, and keep your grooming kit stocked with tools that make light work of massage and post-exercise care via our grooming collection.Pro tip: Improvements in topline take months, not weeks. Consistency wins little and often and youll see the back lift, the neck soften, and the hindlimbs step further under as the hamstrings relax and the core strengthens.UK seasons and show goals for ex-racehorsesUse autumn and winter for slow, indoor foundation work; build power and variety in spring/summer and target RoR classes, with key UK finals like Hickstead in July and HOYS in October.Our weather matters. In wet or icy conditions, prioritise indoor or covered arenas to keep footing safe especially for a horse rebuilding balance. In winter, progress gradually, keep sessions short, and protect warm muscles with layers before and after work. In spring and summer, add long reining across safe surfaces and more variation in pole heights and patterns to build strength for the outdoor season.For motivation, set realistic show targets. The UK offers RoR/SEIB-affiliated classes at local and county shows and national championships. Aim at summer highlights like the Hickstead Derby Meeting (July) and autumns Horse of the Year Show (HOYS, October), with additional opportunities at the London International Horse Show for amateur and home-produced combinations (Horse & Hound guide). Even if you never leave home, that kind of long-range plan helps you phase training and see progress.Quick tip: If youre walking to the arena or long-reining in fading light, add a layer of visibility. Our customer favourites include practical, reflective hi-vis rider gear for gloomy UK afternoons.For horses living out, a weather-appropriate turnout before and after sessions keeps backs warm so muscles dont tighten. See our resilient, yard-tested winter turnout rugs.The kit youll need for safe, successful poleworkChoose safe, heavy poles or cavalletti, limb protection, and simple yard gear that supports warm muscles and consistent routines. You dont need fancy gadgets just reliable basics used well.Poles/cavalletti: 10ft and heavy for stability (walk work first). Start flat, then raise ends slightly as confidence builds.Limb protection: Brushing or support boots/bandages for schooling, particularly during early toe-tapping stages. Explore horse boots and bandages.Handler safety gear: A properly fitted hat and gloves for all in-hand sessions. Shop certified riding helmets.Footwear for footing: All-weather, grippy riding boots help when poles and arena surfaces are damp.Warmth pre/post work: Keep big back muscles supple with well-fitting turnout rugs outdoors and breathable stable rugs indoors.Aftercare kit: Massage-friendly brushes and grooming tools to relax hamstrings and back; stock up from our grooming collection.Nutrition support: Discuss topline and joint support with your vet and consider targeted options from our supplements range to complement your work.At Just Horse Riders, we see the biggest wins come from consistency: a safe set-up that makes daily 520 minute sessions easy to repeat, even when the British weather tries its best.FAQsHow often should I do polework with my ex-racehorse?Short, frequent sessions work best. In-hand polework for 520 minutes in walk, daily if possible, builds core strength and topline without fatigue, and pairs well with gentle lunging (Your Horse).When should I raise the poles?Only after your horse is calm and confident over straight, flat walk poles. Then raise alternate ends to encourage lift; on curves, you can raise the inside ends slightly to promote bend and engagement (Horses Inside Out).Do pole distances need to be precise?No. In groundwork, exact measurements arent essential. If your horse taps or even rolls a pole, dont correct stay relaxed and keep the rhythm. The focus is posture and tempo, not perfection (Your Horse).Can polework help a hollow, under-muscled topline?Yes. Poles engage the core, lift the back and shoulders, and encourage a longer reach behind. Combine them with hamstring stretching and massage after work for best results (Jessica Limpkin case study).Whats a good first curved-pole exercise?Place five poles on a 5 m diameter half-circle at clockface points (12 to 6). Walk over half the circle, then use the empty half to rebalance before repeating. It reliably improves bend and coordination (Horses Inside Out).Do I need a professional to retrain my ex-racer?Sympathetic, expert guidance accelerates progress and helps you avoid common pitfalls, especially with balance and bend. Well-timed schooling sessions or lessons often build confidence faster than going it alone (Fox Equestrian).How long before I see changes?Expect gradual change over months. Consistent polework, massage, stretching and thoughtful aftercare matched to the UK seasons produce steady topline gains and a more confident, rideable frame (Jessica Limpkin). Shop the Essentials Everything mentioned in this guide, ready to browse. 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11 min read Last updated: January 2026 UK wet winters and short days stalling your schooling on a tight plot and budget? This friendly guide shows exactly how to spec a small arenawhy 20m x 20m to 20m x 24m with good drainage and lighting keeps ponies working 12 months a year, when to stretch toward 20m x 40m, and which sand footing rides best. Quick Summary Short on time? Here are the key takeaways. Area: Arena size choice What To Do: Build at least 20m x 20m; aim for 20m x 24m or plan an extension toward 20m x 40m as space and budget allow. Set baseworks and drainage now to enable easy lengthening later. Why It Matters: Ensures safe, effective daily schooling for ponies and small horses without overspending. Common Mistake: Committing to a tiny square with no provision for future extension. Area: Prioritise length What To Do: On tight plots, add length rather than width; stretch the long side for better lines and balance. If possible, make 20m x 24m your starting rectangle. Why It Matters: Longer sides make the arena ride bigger, improving transitions, lateral work and pole patterns. Common Mistake: Widening instead of lengthening, which still forces constant tight turns. Area: Indoor vs outdoor What To Do: Start with a well-drained, lit outdoor sand arena; choose a cover/indoor only if winter access is routinely impossible and the budget stacks up. Validate use on the outdoor before upgrading. Why It Matters: Delivers year-round reliability at the best value for most UK yards. Common Mistake: Building an expensive indoor before proving footing, drainage and actual usage. Area: Sand footing setup What To Do: Use washed, well-graded sand at 710 cm over a robust drainage base; water and grade routinely to control dust and keep depth even. Check depth with a marked stick and rake tracks daily at first. Why It Matters: Consistent, shallow footing gives grip and joint protection in small spaces. Common Mistake: Letting the surface dry, deepen or become uneven, increasing strain and risk. Area: Drainage and lighting What To Do: Install proper sub-base, drains and cleanable perimeter ditches; fit even, glare-free LED lighting with reliable switching. Inspect drains after storms and adjust light angles to avoid shadows. Why It Matters: Keeps the arena usable through UK rain and short winter days. Common Mistake: Skimping on drainage or creating harsh shadows and glare that unsettle horses. Area: Ride-bigger design What To Do: Fit safe fencing/kickboards, add portable letters, and position mirrors high and secure; keep poles stored and corners raked. Maintain clear boundaries to help horses stay straight. Why It Matters: Accuracy and visual feedback multiply training value in compact arenas. Common Mistake: Cluttered edges and poorly placed kit that steals rideable space. Area: Weekly schooling plan What To Do: Plan 5 short sessions (2535 mins): transitions/accuracy, lateral basics, poles/cavaletti, lunging with large circles, and suppling/stretch. Rotate focus to avoid repetitive strain. Why It Matters: Varied, bite-size work builds fitness and balance without overloading joints. Common Mistake: Long, repetitive rides with tight turns that fatigue and sour the horse. Area: Winter-proof & safety What To Do: Set a gate-side kit, check lights/ventilation, and use suitable rugs for warm-up/cool-down; ride with a certified helmet, phone on you, and tell someone your plan. Secure doors, gates and mirrors before mounting. Why It Matters: Maintains consistency and safety when daylight is short and weather is harsh. Common Mistake: Riding in poor visibility or alone without precautions and proper layers. In This Guide What size arena do you really need on a small UK yard? Indoor vs outdoor: which comes first for UK winters? The best footing for small arenas on a budget Design tips that make small arenas ride bigger Training smart in 20x2020x24m: weekly plan ideas Winter-proof your programme when daylight is short Health and safety: protect joints, backs and riders Your small arena, working hard year-round Wet winters and short daylight can stall your riding just when your horse needs consistent work. If youve got limited space and a realistic budget, the right small arena can keep you training all year in the UK.Key takeaway: On most small UK yards, a well-built 20m x 20m to 20m x 24m sand arena with good drainage and lighting will safely cover daily schooling for ponies and small horses; extend the length toward 20m x 40m as space and budget allow, and consider an indoor only if winter access and reliability justify the higher cost.What size arena do you really need on a small UK yard?A 20m x 20m arena is the practical minimum for small-horse dressage training at home; 20m x 24m rides much better, and 20m x 40m is the standard small dressage rectangle if space and budget stretch.For many UK owners juggling livestock rotation and winter mud, you often cant rely on fields during the wet months, making an arena essential for year-round work on small properties (Horse & Hound Forum). Community experience shows 18m x 24m and 20m x 24m are viable for lunging, low-level flatwork, and childrens riding at home when a full 20m x 40m isnt affordable. Formal dressage layouts start at 20m x 20m for training and scale upward to the standard 20m x 60m (Performance Footing), but that larger footprint isnt necessary for effective day-to-day schooling on small horses.If your available footprint is closer to 15m x 30m (about 50ft x 100ft), its still usable for flatwork on ponies around 14.3hh15.1hh, though tight turns will limit some movements; if you can, extend length for more comfortable lines and better horse balance (Chronicle of the Horse Forum). On tight plots, prioritise length over width to give yourself a more useful long side for transitions, lateral work, and poles. That single decision can make a compact arena ride bigger immediately.Quick tip: If youre building in phases, set your earthworks and drainage to accommodate a future extension. Start with 20m x 24m, ride it for a season, then add length when funds allow.Indoor vs outdoor: which comes first for UK winters?Outdoor sand arenas are the most budget-friendly way to secure daily schooling; an indoor adds year-round reliability in UK rain, wind, and snow but comes with significantly higher upfront costs.The UKs wet, windy winters and short days (often under eight hours of daylight in DecJan) routinely cancel outdoor schooling, making covered or indoor spaces highly desirable for consistent programmes (Horse Riding Arena UK). As trainer Sarah Miller notes:Indoor arenas are a game-changer... They allow me to maintain a consistent training schedule with my horse, no matter the weather. The controlled environment and even footing give me peace of mind.However, many private UK set-ups start with an affordable outdoor sand arena, adding a cover or indoor structure later once the base and drainage prove themselves. Sand is cost-effective and drains well, but plan for moisture management to control dust and maintain hoof support (Performance Footing). Indoors, youll gain weather protection and better lighting, but you must budget for ventilation, safe kickboards, and lighting control to avoid glare during evening schooling (EquiPro Surfaces).Pro tip: If winter field access is often impossible where you live, an indoor or covered arena can save your horses fitness through JanFeb. If your winters are merely muddy but manageable, a well-drained outdoor with good lighting is usually the smarter first step.The best footing for small arenas on a budgetWashed, well-graded sand is the most affordable footing that drains well in UK weather; it demands regular watering and maintenance to keep dust down and depth consistent.Sand alone can ride beautifully when correctly specified and maintained, and its the go-to footing for many UK outdoor arenas on a budget (Performance Footing). The key is consistency: correct particle size, uniform depth (often around 710 cm for pure sand), and robust drainage layers beneath. Without moisture, even good sand dries, becomes dusty, and loses stabilityso plan access to water or a bowser during dry spells.Discipline matters, too. As Mark Neihart of Premier Equestrian explains:Not every arena is suitable for every single discipline. The surface interacts differently... Dressage horses require grip and stability, while jumping horses need cushioning.On small arenas, horses turn more frequently, so the interaction between hoof and surface has an even greater impact on tendons and joints. Neihart also reminds us:Arena footing is probably the most important part of any equestrian facility, because it will have the greatest impact on the horses health over the long term.If youre schooling dressage basics on small horses and ponies, keep the surface shallow and consistent for reliable grip. If you incorporate small grids or cavaletti, ensure the top layer doesnt grab or bog the foot on landing. For additional limb support during schooling or polework, consider appropriate leg protection and brushing boots from our curated horse boots & bandages collection.Quick tip: Walk your arena daily the first season. Rake back displaced sand on the track, check depth with a simple marked stick, and water before dust appears rather than afterits far easier to maintain moisture than to recover it.Design tips that make small arenas ride biggerPrioritise length, safe boundaries, clear markers, mirrors, and good lighting to make compact arenas ride larger and more effective.Start by stretching the long side: 20m x 24m rides significantly better than a square 20m x 20m because it gives you room for transitions, lateral lines, and pole patterns without constant turning. Low, solid kickboards or safe fencing help horses stay straight, while clear, portable dressage letters keep schooling accurate without permanent structures (handy if your yard shares space with livestock or needs flexible use).Lighting is transformative in the UK. Even on an outdoor, correctly placed, glare-free lighting extends safe ride time through winters short days. If you opt for an indoor or covered space, design lighting that avoids hard shadows and ensure good ventilation to control condensation.Mirrors, if you can add them, multiply the training value of a small arena by making straightness and self-carriage visible without a ground person. Place them safely and high enough to avoid kick damage. For rider safety and confidenceespecially when riding aloneuse a properly fitted, standards-compliant helmet from our range of riding helmets.Pro tip: In small spaces, tidiness is training. Keep poles stored neatly, rake corners, and place markers so figures are easy to ride preciselyprecision makes any arena feel bigger.Training smart in 20x2020x24m: weekly plan ideasA small arena supports varied, effective schooling by emphasising transitions, lateral lines, thoughtful polework, and short, focused sessions.Heres a simple, small-arena-friendly weekly structure for ponies and small horses (adjust to your horses level and fitness):Day 1 Straightness and rhythm: Large circles (1820m), centreline halts, transitions every quarter line. Ride from letter to letter to sharpen accuracy.Day 2 Lateral basics: Leg yield on the quarter line, shoulder-fore on long sides, shallow loops that preserve balance in tight spaces.Day 3 Poles and proprioception: A simple line of three poles on the long side (33.3m apart for walk, 1.11.3m for trot depending on stride), raised cavaletti once balance is confirmed.Day 4 Lunging and voice aids: A 20m circle is ideal; if your space is 18m x 24m, lunge diagonally to keep the circle wide. Use a cavesson and a proper whip for clarity and safety.Day 5 Suppling and stretch: Serpentines, figure-eights, and a long, low stretch to finish, keeping reins elastic and rhythm unbroken.Children and novice riders particularly benefit from the controlled environment of a 20m x 24m during winter when the fields are slick. Dress the part for comfort and security: supportive, grippy lower layers make a difference when schooling lots of transitions. Explore our breathable, durable womens jodhpurs & breeches and comfy, hard-wearing childrens jodhpurs & breeches.Quick tip: Keep sessions short (2535 minutes of purposeful work) in compact arenas to reduce repetitive strain from frequent turns, especially in young or rehab horses.Winter-proof your programme when daylight is shortFit reliable lighting and plan efficient pre/post-ride routines with the right rugs and grooming to maintain work through the UKs sub8hour daylight in mid-winter.From December to January, safe evening schooling depends on two things: visibility and warmth. For lighting, aim for even, shadow-minimising coverage and reliable switching so youre not wasting power. Indoors, add ventilation to keep air fresh and manage condensation on cold nights. Outdoors, windbreaks at the prevailing-wind side improve comfort and reduce chill.Keep horses warm when theyre clipped or standing around in winter winds with well-fitting turnout rugs for the yard-to-arena walk and post-ride cool-down. After work, a quick flick and pick-out makes a big difference to skin health. Our curated grooming range helps you whisk away sweat and mud quickly so your horse doesnt chill before you rug back up.Pro tip: Set a winter arena kit by the gatehoof pick, sweat scraper, spare cooler, pole block, reflective conesso you can set up and pack down in minutes when daylights fading.Health and safety: protect joints, backs and ridersConsistent footing depth, sensible exercise progressions, and appropriate protective kit reduce strain on joints and backsyours and your horses.Small arenas mean more frequent bending lines and transitions. Protect your horse with thoughtful warm-ups, regular straight-line walking (even up the drive if safe), and disciplined footing maintenance. For limbs that brush or for pole sessions, fit suitable protection from our horse boots & bandages selection. Support recovery and overall resilience with targeted nutrition from NAF supplements, and consult your vet for specific joint or digestive needs. The British Horse Society (BHS) remains a trusted source for general yard safety practicesfactor their guidance into your overall plan.For riders, safety is non-negotiable when schooling alone on winter evenings. Choose a certified, properly fitted helmet from our range of riding helmets, keep your phone on you (not on the fence), and tell someone youre riding. Check doors, gates, mirrors, and lights before mounting so nothing moves or flashes unexpectedly in high winds.Quick tip: Schedule a quarterly arena health checklaser-level sample points for depth, inspect drains, re-pack corners, and top-up sand where youre consistently raking it back from the track.Your small arena, working hard year-roundA carefully planned 20m x 20m to 20m x 24m arena with a well-drained sand surface and good lighting can keep you schooling ponies and small horses productively right through a UK winter. Build for length when space is tight, choose footing for your main discipline, and commit to simple weekly maintenance to protect soundness.At Just Horse Riders, we help UK owners ride safely and comfortably whatever the weatherwith dependable helmets, warm, practical breeches, quick-grab grooming essentials, and winter-ready turnout rugs that earn their keep. Build smart, ride smart, and let your small arena punch above its weight.FAQsCan a 20m x 24m arena really work for ponies and low-level schooling?Yes. Community experience in the UK shows 18m x 24m and 20m x 24m arenas are very usable for lunging, flatwork, and safe childrens riding at home, particularly when winter fields are off-limits (Horse & Hound Forum). Youll be more limited than in a 20m x 40m, but you can still school effectively with smart planning.Whats the minimum arena size for a 14.3hh horse?Plan for at least 20m x 20m for basic dressage schooling (Performance Footing). Arenas around 15m x 30m can work in a pinch for ponies, but turns get tight and may affect comfort, so extend the length if possible (Chronicle of the Horse Forum).Indoor or outdoor first on a tight UK budget?Start with a well-drained outdoor sand arena for the best value, then consider adding a cover or building indoor once you confirm usage and can justify the cost. Indoors offer unrivalled weather protection and consistency in UK winters (Horse Riding Arena UK), but the initial outlay is substantially higher.How does footing choice affect small horses in compact arenas?Sand is budget-friendly and drains well but must be watered and maintained to prevent dust and keep depth even (Performance Footing). In smaller spaces, you turn more often, so stable, not-too-deep footing helps protect tendons and joints. As Premier Equestrian notes, dressage needs grip and stability; jumping needs more cushioning (Premier Equestrian).How do I maintain a sand arena through winter?Grade the surface weekly to redistribute displaced sand, clear drains and perimeter ditches after storms, and control moisture to stop dust during cold, dry spells. Walk it daily the first season to spot hollows, high spots, and track build-up early.Is 20m x 20m too small for lunging?Its suitable if you manage line length and horse balance; aim for the largest circle you can ride within the space. In 18m x 24m arenas, travel slightly on the diagonal to open the circle. Use a cavesson and long-line skills for clarity and safety.What should I budget for rider and horse safety in a small arena?Budget for a certified helmet, practical winter layers, and appropriate limb protection for the horse. See our curated riding helmets, supportive womens breeches, and protective horse boots & bandages, and consider recovery support with NAF supplements to keep your horse feeling its best. Shop the Essentials Everything mentioned in this guide, ready to browse. Shop Riding HelmetsShop Boots & BandagesShop Turnout RugsShop Jodhpurs & BreechesShop Grooming Kit

Purina Animal Nutrition, along with the Land OLakes Foundation, has openedits scholarship program designed to assist students with experience in agriculture and livestock production in pursuing their passions and furthering their education.Undergraduate students and current high school seniors in the U.S. who have experience raising and caring for small or large livestock, equine, and/or poultry are eligible to apply for one of 10 $3,000 scholarships. Students will be awarded based on applications that illustrate the impact animal agriculture has had on their lives along with detailing academic achievements, leadership skills, community involvement and a clear vision for their future.Scholarship applications will be accepted fromMarch 18 through 3 p.m. CST April 16, and awardees will be notified in June. Funds will be distributed for the Fall 2026 semester directly to their current or anticipated educational institution. The scholarship is open to all high school seniors who plan to enroll in full-time undergraduate study at an accredited U.S. two- or four-year college, university or vocational-technical school for the entire upcoming academic semester/term and undergraduate students enrolled in an accredited two- or four-year college, university or vocational-technical school in the U.S.To learn more about and apply to the Purina Animal Nutrition Scholarship, visithttps://www.purinamills.com/scholarship.Purina Animal Nutrition LLC (www.purinamills.com) is a national organization serving producers, animal owners and their families through more than 4,700 local cooperatives, independent dealers and other retailers throughout the U.S. Every Purina feed and nutritional product is made with a purpose: to support the performance, productivity and well-being of every animal. Purina Animal Nutrition LLC is headquartered in Arden Hills, Minn., and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Land OLakes, Inc.

Important milestones and common health issues in equine neonatesThe first 24 hours of a foals life bring crucial events and milestones that dictate his health and viability. | Courtesy Molly CzubAs prey animals that depend on flight for survival, horses enter the world genetically programmed to hit the ground running. Motility, alertness, and a good suckle reflex at birth make all the difference between a strong, healthy newborn foal and an at-risk neonate.The first 24 hours of a foals life bring crucial events and milestones that dictate his health and viability. Weve gathered the latest research and expertise from practitioners focused on equine neonatology to help you know what to expect, when to intervene, and how to involve your veterinarian throughout the first day of your new foals life.ParturitionThe Birthing ProcessThe milestone: A foals first day marks the shift from in utero to extrauterine life.Potential problems: Parturition-related issues can include dystocia (difficult birth), due to malpositioning or unusually large fetuses, or uterine inertia (lack of contractions). If blood flow is compromisedwhether from prolonged labor, premature placental separation (red bag delivery), umbilical cord compression, or placental insufficiencythe foal may experience hypoxia (lack of oxygen to the brain), which can cause permanent damage to the intestinal tract and other organs, says Karen Wolfsdorf, DVM, Dipl. ACT, a theriogenologist at Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, in Lexington, Kentucky.The veterinarian is not usually in attendance for a normal birth, says Miranda Gosselin, DVM, of Millbrook Equine Veterinary Clinic, in New York. Unless your mare is foaling in a hospital, your veterinarian will only come out if there is a problem, and that would constitute an emergency. If your foal is born at home overnight, do call your vet in the morning to schedule the neonatal exam and post-foaling mare exam.Standing and NursingThe milestone: Standing within one hour and nursing within two hours after birth. Potential problems: If the foal is unwilling or unable to get up, this may be due to fractured ribs from trauma during foaling, Wolfsdorf explains. Serious systemic health issues can also impact a foals viability and mobilitynotably neonatal sepsis. This life-threatening infection most commonly originates in utero, rather than after birth. Clinical signs include fever, lethargy, swollen joints, and decreased nursing.Another condition in this population, neonatal maladjustment syndrome (often called dummy foal syndrome), can impair a neonates ability to stand and nurse. Oxygen deprivation during birth triggers the condition and affected foals appear uncoordinated or unresponsive. A healthy foal will find the mammary gland and not wander around aimlessly sucking the wall, Wolfsdorf says.Neonatal maladjustment syndrome arises from multiple contributing factors and can be compounded by sepsis.Limb Alignment and Tendon LaxityThe milestone: Standing unassisted on four sturdy, stable limbs.Potential problems: Mild limb deviations or tendon laxity commonly occur in newborns, particularly in larger foals and after long gestational periods.1 Usually these self-correct.2 However, severe conformation deviations, inability to stand squarely, or knuckling over at the knees raise a red flag. Contracture correction can require a spectrum of therapies, including splinting and administration of the antibiotic oxytetracycline, says Gosselin. Limb deviations can be nuanced, involving (toe) extensions and exercise restriction. If you have any concerns about the foals conformation, wait for the veterinarians examination and approval before turning the mare and foal outside.Immunity Through ColostrumThe milestone: Developing immunity. Unlike humans and many other mammals, foals dont receive immune protection during pregnancy. Mares multilayered placentas, classified as diffuse epitheliochorial, prevent direct antibody transfer between dam and offspring.3Potential problems: A foal essentially has no immune system at birth and must acquire passive immunity by ingesting his dams colostrum. This thick, nutrient-rich first milk contains crucial antibodies from the mares own vaccinations and previous exposure to pathogens. Thats why veterinarians recommend timely, strategic vaccination of broodmares throughout pregnancy to protect foal health and safety.Failure of passive transfer (FPT) occurs if a foal doesnt acquire enough immunity within his first day of life, and serum (blood) immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels stall below 800 milligrams/deciliter.4 A quick and reliable toolthe immunocrit methodhas proven effective for early screening directly on the farm, without the need for laboratory processing.5 You can also use a refractometer, colostrometer, or brixometer (Brix refractometer) to measure the quality of colostrum IgG, Wolfsdorf adds.If a foal fails to nurse within the first two hours, or the mares colostrum appears watery or scant, you must act quickly. The foal experiences gut closure (inability to absorb antibodies) by 18 to 24 hours postpartum, says Wolfsdorf. Therefore, it is important to determine IgG levels early, preferably between six to 12 hours post first suckle. If IgG is low in the first 18 hours, find a good, tested colostrum from a colostrum bank and administer colotrum to the foal via nasogastric tube. Wolfsdorf describes a good source of colostrum as one that contains high levels of imunoglobulin and no alloantibodies that could cause neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI), an immune condition in which antibodies in colostrum destroy the newborn foals red blood cells.If oral colostrum administration is not an option, or if the 18-hour window has closed, then intravenous (IV) administration of high immunoglobulin plasma is necessary, she says. If IgG is low, the neonate is at increased risk for infection and sepsis, so preventative antibiotics may also be needed. The earlier the intervention, the better the prognosis, she adds.Umbilicus Care and Patent UrachusThe milestone: closure of the urachus, the tube that connects the foals bladder to the placenta in utero.Potential problems: After the umbilical cord breaks naturally during parturition, the umbilical stump should be dipped two to three times daily for the first couple of days until it dries out. Gosselin likes to use a 0.5% solution of chlorhexidine (three parts water to one part 2% chlorhexidine). For those who prefer povidone-iodine (Betadine), she recommends using one part Betadine to 20 parts water.Make sure you are refreshing your naval dip regularly so that you dont introduce debris or bacteria, she says. Evaluation of the umbilicus is a very important part of the new foal exam, and it should continue to be monitored closely for the first four to six weeks of life. I always do a thorough navel inspection as part of my foal exam.Occasionally, the urachus fails to close. A patent urachus results in urine leaking from the stump, a red flag signaling the need for prompt veterinary care to prevent an ascending infection.6 Luckily, I dont see many patent urachi, Gosselin says. When I do, its typically a foal that has been sick. Any foal with a patent urachus should be on antibiotics and should be monitored via ultrasound.Researchers on published case studies report a higher incidence of patent urachus in male foals.First Output: Meconium, UrinationThe milestone: By three hours post-birth, foals should pass meconium, the dark, tarlike first feces. Urination typically occurs within eight to 10 hours.Potential problems: Delayed urination, especially in colts, might suggest a ruptured bladder, which can occur with dystocias and require emergency surgery.7 Meconium impaction, typically occurring within six to 12 hours after birth, presents with coliclike symptoms, straining to defecate, and tail flagging. Typically, a warm, soapy enema administered rectally by a veterinarian or experienced breeding farm manager resolves it quickly.If the foal does not want to defecate, it could be because its painful, Wolfsdorf says. If he strains to urinate or defecate, this can be a sign of a problem, and consultation with a veterinarian is necessary.Normal vs. Abnormal Parameters in Neonates and Possible Associated Health IssuesHEALTHY FOALVETERINARY ATTENTION REQUIREDPOSSIBLE ISSUEStands within one hourStill recumbent after two-plus hoursNeonatal maladjustment syndrome, tendon laxity, limb deformity, birth injury, broken ribs, sepsisNurses stronglyWeak suckle reflex or struggles to find udderNeonatal maladjustment syndrome, could lead to failure of passive transfer.Alert and bonded to damWandering, confused, dull, or disoriented behaviorNeonatal maladjustment syndromeSteady breathing (30-40 bpm)Labored or noisy breathingBirth injury, fractured ribsNormal temperature (99.5-102 F)Fever (>103 F) or cold extremitiesNeonatal sepsis, infectionDry, clean umbilicusMoist, dripping, or swollen navel at 24+ hoursPatent urachusA Note On the MareAlthough this discussion focuses on the newborn foal, the dams health in the hours after foaling remains clinically important. Failure to pass the placenta within three hours can lead to rapid onset of sepsis, fever, and, in some cases, laminitis (painful inflammation of the tissue suspending the coffin bone within the foot), which can eliminate her as an effective caretaker for her foal.Take-Home MessageCompared to humans, horses develop and mature very rapidly at birth. Their very survival in the wild depends on their ability to nurse on their own, recognize and follow their dam, and be coordinated and quick enough to flee from predatorsall within the first few hours of their lives. Knowing the milestones of the first 24 hours and recognizing when a foal misses them helps horse owners and breeding managers respond quickly. For those helping welcome foals into the world, informed observation, prompt recognition of warning signs, and timely veterinary intervention can mean the difference between a healthy start and life-threatening complications.References1. Mouncey R, Arango-Sabogal JC, de Mestre AM, Verheyen K. Gestation length is associated with early-life limb deformities in Thoroughbred foals. J Equine Vet Sci. 2023;129:104896.2. Kotoyori Y, Endo Y, Murase H, Sato F, Korosue K. Changes in aspects of hoof and distal limb conformation in foals by radiographic evaluation. J Vet Med Sci. 2024;86(4):421427.3. Borghesi J, Mario LC, Rodrigues MN, Favaron PO, Miglino MA. Immunoglobulin transport during gestation in domestic animals and humans: A review. Open J Anim Sci. 2014;4(5):323336.4. Oberkersch LE, Schuberth H, Weber C, Freise F, Venner M. Kinetik of the IgG concentration in the blood of neonatal foalscomparison of foals with focal infectious diseases with healthy foals. PferdeheilkundeEquine Medicine. 2022;38(3):134141.5. Mortola E, Miceli G, Alarcn L, Azcurra M, Larsen A. Assessment of the immunocrit method to detect failure of passive immunity in newborn foals. Equine Vet J. 2020;52(5):760764.6. Bernick A, Krohn J, Wehrend A. Patent urachus and associated comorbidities in 101 newborn foals: A retrospective study. Vet Med Sci. 2025;11(3):e70379.7. Bernick A, Nieth J, Wehrend A. Uroperitoneum in the foal: A review of the literature. Veterinary Practice. 2021;49(1):4150.This article is from the Spring 2026 issue ofThe Horse: Your Guide to Equine Health Care. We at The Horse work to provide you with the latest and most reliable news and information on equine health, care, management, and welfare through our magazine and TheHorse.com. Your subscription helps The Horse continue to offer this vital resource to horse owners of all breeds, disciplines, and experience levels. To access current issues included in your subscription, please sign in to theAppleorGoogleapps ORclick herefor the desktop version.