Key Points Details Ventilation Systems Bell-shaped vents: Maximum airflow for relaxed fit. Channelled vents: Focus airflow for snug fit. Mesh panels: Enhance ventilation and breathability. Materials Breathable materials like polyester, cotton, and mesh for coolness. Fit Ensure snug fit for both comfort and safety; avoid shifting. Certification and Safety Standards Should meet safety certifications like BS or ASTM. Harness and Chin Strap Adjustable for a firm fit and consistent protection. Peak and Visor UV protection and sun shield; wider brim beneficial. Try Before You Buy Ensure the right fit and comfort level. Consider Your Riding Style Enhanced ventilation for high-speed activities. Maintain Your Hat Regular cleaning for sustained breathability and protection. Choosing the Right Riding Hat for Comfort and Safety During Hot Weather The summer heat is upon us, and as equestrians, this means we can finally enjoy those long-awaited trails. However, with summer comes the potential hazards of riding in high temperatures and humidity. A key component in ensuring our safety and comfort is selecting the perfect riding hat. This guide is designed to help you understand what to look for in a riding hat, focusing on safety, comfort, and appropriate features for hot weather. Why Ventilation is Crucial Heat exhaustion poses a serious threat to horse riders during the hotter months. According to the British Horse Society, riders frequently face the challenge of managing this condition. Proper ventilation in riding hats is essential to combat these risks, as proven by research from the University of California, Davis, which highlights the effectiveness of vented helmets in reducing head temperatures significantly. Key Features to Look For Ventilation System Bell-shaped vents: Recognized for facilitating maximum airflow, these are typically located in hats that offer a relaxed fit. Channelled vents: These specialized vents focus airflow, catering to hats with a snugger fit. Mesh panels: Adding these to the hat can greatly enhance ventilation and breathability. Materials The materials used in a hat can play an essential role in ensuring that you remain cool and comfortable during rides. Seek out breathable and moisture-wicking materials like polyester, a lightweight and quick-drying option, or cotton, known for its natural breathability. Mesh is another excellent addition to enhance breathability further. Fit A proper fit is non-negotiable when it comes to both comfort and safety. An ill-fitting hat can compromise your protection by shifting during a ride. Remember, snug, not tight, is the goal! Certification and Safety Standards While comfort is important, never compromise on safety standards. Hats should meet the safety certifications of your country, like the British Standard (BS) or the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Additional Features for Comfort and Safety Harness and Chin Strap An adjustable harness or chin strap is vital. It ensures that your hat stays firmly in place, offering consistent protection. Additionally, adjustable straps allow for a customizable fit, adapting to your unique comfort needs. Peak and Visor A peak or visor serves two key functions: keeping the pesky sun out of your eyes and offering essential UV protection. Hats with a wider brim are particularly beneficial during those sunny rides. Tips for Choosing the Best Vented Riding Hat Try Before You Buy If possible, always try on hats before purchasing. It's the only way to ensure the right fit and comfort level, offering firsthand experience of the ventilation and overall feel. Consider Your Riding Style Riders who frequently engage in high-speed activities such as showjumping should consider hats with enhanced ventilation, like channelled vents combined with mesh panels for extra breathability. Maintain Your Hat Regular maintenance of your hat, including cleaning and conditioning, ensures sustained breathability and optimal protection. A clean hat equals a happy head! Additional Riding Gear for Summer While a well-ventilated hat is crucial, other summer riding gear is equally important: Lightweight jodhpurs and riding tights: These are available from our Jodhpur Collection and are designed to keep you cool during extended rides. Moisture-wicking gloves: Enhance your grip while keeping your hands dry, available in our Horse Riding Gloves Collection. Ventilated riding boots: Keep your feet cool and are part of our Horse Riding Boot Collection. Don't forget to check out our selection of Horse Riding Socks for added comfort. Conclusion Finding the perfect riding hat for hot weather involves balancing several factors: comfort, fit, ventilation, and safety standards. By paying attention to these elements, you will be ensuring a safe and enjoyable riding experience. Always try on different hats, understand your riding style, and remember to regularly maintain your equipment. For more expert advice, tips, and quality riding gear, don't hesitate to visit us at Just Horse Riders.Need quality supplements for your equine friend? Explore our Everyday Horse Vitamins & Supplements collection.Stay prepared with our selection of Horse Fly Protection gear to keep bothersome flies at bay during your rides.Looking for thoughtful equestrian-themed surprises? Check out our Horse Treats And Gifts collection for an assortment of delightful options.

The past 15 years have brought significant science-backed advancements in treatment options for equine musculoskeletal injuries.Equine practitioners are increasingly well-equipped to manage osteoarthritis with novel treatment options, changing the way we look at equine orthopedic disorders altogether. | Adobe stockIn the realm of equine health, few challenges capture the attention of veterinarians and scientists quite like orthopedic disorders. These conditions are not limited to osteoarthritis (OA)one of the top causes of lameness, poor performance, and loss of use in equine athletesbut also encompass issues affecting related soft tissues. Fortunately, a wave of innovative orthopedic therapies is reshaping how these issues are managed, offering hope for improved recovery and longevity in equine athletes.For instance, veterinarians worldwide are making major strides in regenerative therapeutics research, says Catherine Thurston, VMD, Dipl. ACVS-LA, an equine surgeon at the Mid-Atlantic Equine Medical Center, in Ringoes, New Jersey.Lets take stock of the recent research studies on orthopedic therapies and how findings are enhancing the health and performance of sport horses today. Well focus mainly on osteoarthritis but also touch on related soft tissue.Where Do We Stand with Equine Orthopedic Therapies Today?Last year a group of Spanish researchers published a comprehensive review of regenerative medicine applications in equine musculoskeletal injuries1. The authors established that tendons, ligaments, and cartilageall of which have a restricted ability to self-healare the tissues horses most commonly injure.In their review of seven different clinical studies, they determined that three distinct therapiesautologous conditioned serum (ACS), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)have emerged as the leading innovations in equine orthopedics. (Technically, all three approaches are autologous, which means originating from the patient, though MSCs can also be allogeneic, or obtained from a donor horse.) Autologous protein solution, IRAP (interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein, generated through ACS production), and stem cells are the intra-articular regenerative therapies I am most likely to reach for, says Thurston.Leah Walker, DVM, Dipl. ACVSMR, of Cave Creek Equine Hospital, in Phoenix, Arizona, applies many of the same orthopedic therapies. Her practice commonly uses stem cells, PRP, IRAP, and ACS. She also has experience with an allogeneic regenerative product that combines PRP and IRAP with other proteins and growth factors from equine amnion, designed to facilitate healing and tissue repair.The progress equine veterinarians have seen with regenerative joint therapies in recent years is extraordinary, says Walker. Thanks to these advancements, todays sport horse can benefit from reduced recovery time and improved healing. More specifically, researchers have suggested that regenerative therapies are disease-modifying agents because they promote better regeneration of fibrocartilaginous tissue, improved cellular organization, and improved joint functionality over symptom-modifying agents such as corticosteroid injections. The use of these (regenerative) treatments early on in the healing process can make a real difference in the career longevity of these athletes, says Thurston.A Look at the Past 13 Years in Equine OrthopedicsIn a 2022 survey of 407 U.S.-based equine veterinarians, triamcinolone acetonide and methylprednisolone emerged as the most commonly used corticosteroids for treating high-motion and low-motion joints, respectively. These drug choices align with the 2009 survey results. However, continued research has guided practitioners in making more educated steroid selections based on the type of joint they are treating and the degree of pathology present, says Walker. And while adding hyaluronic acid (HA, to intra-articular injections) is still very common, Im seeing a trend where more practitioners are combining corticosteroids with either an orthobiologic agent or polyacrylamide gel instead.Indeed, the 13-year gap between surveys brought unprecedented innovation in equine regenerative medicine, with a substantial increase in the use of orthobiologics2. Regenerative therapies quickly became a game-changer for veterinarians treating horses and ponies for which steroids are contraindicated because of underlying conditions such as insulin resistance (IR), equine metabolic syndrome (EMS), laminitis, or pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID, once known as equine Cushings disease). Orthobiologics increasingly replace corticosteroids in the syringes destined for horses joints.The Steroid ControversyCorticosteroids might be potent, fast-acting, and effective anti-inflammatory drugs, but they are not entirely harmlessfor two main reasons. Firstly, the laminitis risk associated with corticosteroid joint injections in metabolically normal horses continues to spark debate. The 2022 survey found that intra-articular use of triamcinolone acetonide was very likely to contribute to laminitis2. On the flip side, in a 2023 study, researchers found contrasting results, concluding the drug did lead to increased insulin concentrations in the horses blood, but those never reached levels high enough to trigger the debilitating hoof disease3.Cartilage degradation ranks as the second major pitfall of repeated corticosteroid injections. Corticosteroids primarily decrease inflammation and provide pain relief but dont have the same healing benefits as regenerative therapies, notes Thurston. Researchers on numerous studies have shown that with multiple uses over time, corticosteroids can contribute to the progression of OA and the breakdown of joint cartilage.Thats not to say corticosteroids will go away anytime soon. Both our experts continue to see these drugs value for managing synovitis and arthritis. Steroids remain a very good option for pain relief when progressive OA is the primary diagnosis, Thurston says.There are some cases where corticosteroids are actually the best option, Walker adds. Steroids are a potent anti-inflammatory. We know exactly what response to expect from their administration. They are available immediately (no processing required), and there is no question of the chemical composition of the producta consistency and guarantee we may not get with autologous blood products.Corticosteroids also offer one irrefutable advantage over orthobiologics: affordability. The financial situation of some horse owners may allow for joint therapy with corticosteroids when regenerative biologic therapy is not within the budget, Walker says. Quieting down an angry, inflamed joint with a corticosteroid injection is preferable to continuing to ride the horse while allowing the inflammatory cascade to progress unchecked.Popular Equine Orthopedic Therapies in Veterinary Medicine TodayOrthopedic Treatments: The Options Are MultiplyingBoth the literature and clinical practice suggest a growing interest in exploring alternatives to traditional corticosteroid joint injections. Admittedly, the number of products on the market often makes itdifficult for practitioners to know which one to use, Walker says. We need research efforts to determine what these products do within the joint or injured tissue rather than creating yet another type of product. The table above briefly overviews commonly used equine orthopedic therapies in veterinary medicine today.Zooming In On the ResearchBoth Thurston and Walker agree a major benefit of regenerative therapies involves their dual ability to relieve pain and inflammation in the joint while improving the quality of healing. Lets take a closer look at specific orthopedic treatments, regenerative and otherwise, that have been the subject of equine research in recent years:Platelet-rich plasma (PRP)What it is: An approach that consists of collecting, processing, and concentrating platelets (thrombocytes) from the horses own blood and injecting them into injured tissues to reduce inflammation while accelerating and improving healing quality.What the research says: Scientists have seen PRPs beneficial effects on healing and return to function of suspensory desmitis in both Standardbred racehorses4 and Thoroughbred racehorses5. Back in 2009 a research team also found that PRP-treated superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) injuries healed stronger and with a better organization of the collagen network than nontreated injuries6. On the other hand, in a 2021 systematic review, researchers found no significant difference in tendon or ligament healing between PRP and control groups7. Regarding joint health, the data on PRP appear encouraging, as a meta-analysis of 21 studies published between 2013 and 2023 showed PRP products are likely efficacious for intra-articular treatment of equine OA8. Specifically, the combined use of PRP and MSC within lesions in tendon and ligament injuries has been shown to reduce significantly the reinjury rate as horses come back into work, says Thurston, referring to a meta-analysis published in 20249.Autologous conditioned serumWhat it is: A therapy that involves processing the horses blood to concentrate IRAP along with other pro- and anti-inflammatory proteins. It binds to the receptor of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1, proactively blocking its harmful effects.What the research says: In a 2019 study evaluating the effects of different ACS treatments, researchers concluded that IRAP contributed to controlling joint inflammation10. Likewise, in a 2021 clinical study, scientists also found lameness score and digital flexion test response significantly improved six months post-IRAP administration compared to baseline in horses with fetlock joint OA11. Despite the clinical improvement, IRAP was unable to control the radiographic progression of the disease.When assessing a horse for orthopedic treatments, numerous factors come into play, and its essential to evaluate each horse on an individual basis. | Adobe stockAutologous protein solution (APS)What it is: A product that involves processing the horses blood to produce a product rich in growth factors and anti-inflammatory proteins, combining the benefits of PRP and IRAP.What the research says: While recent studies on APS are admittedly not plentiful, in 2014 Bertone et al. concluded that intra-articular administration of APS can be considered an effective treatment option for equine OA, with the potential for disease-modifying effects12. In 2019 another group showed APS effectively concentrated IRAP without an incubation period and media from APS-treated chondrocytes (cartilage-producing cells) increased concentrations of chondroprotective and modulatory cytokines, which might be beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory conditions such as post-traumatic OA13.Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)What it is: Cells originating from the equine body (bone marrow, adipose tissue, or umbilical cord) that have been studied for their potential regenerative capacities. Veterinarians often combine stem cell therapy, one of the top innovative advances of the 21st century in both human and veterinary medicine, with PRP and APS in equine orthopedics. Based on what we know so far, MSCs affect cell signaling and therefore the production of cytokines that help with healing, but they dont directly regenerate tissue by transforming into different cell types, Thurston says. Rather, injected MSCs recruit resident stem cells to the injured area, which differentiate into the cell type needed.What the research says: Scientists report that MSCs used in equine tendinitis, OA, and cartilage healing have consistently yielded positive results14. In a 2022 study, scientists found significant improvement in both clinical lameness (59.1%) and imaging structure (76.9%) of horses with diverse musculoskeletal lesions treated with MSCs. They found applying other therapeutic methods (i.e., anti-inflammatory medication, shock wave, laser, icing) statistically more effective than using MSCs alone. They also found no difference in the effectiveness of MSCs, whether autologous or allogeneic15.Viscoelastic therapyWhat it is: Hyaluronic acid is a natural component of synovial fluidviscous liquid the synovial membrane produces to lubricate the jointand the newer polyacrylamide hydrogels (PAAG) are synthetic products designed to restore joint capsule elasticity and synovial fluid viscosity.What the research says: In recent years PAAGs have been in the research spotlight. In a 2022 clinical trial, researchers reported a significant decrease in lameness in 82.5% of 43 horses two years post-treatment with 2.5% PAAG16. In another study, scientists compared 2.5% PAAG with a triamcinolone acetonide/HA combination and found 83% of PAAG-treated joints were lame-free six weeks post-injection versus only 40% for the corticosteroid/HA group17.BisphosphonatesWhat they are: FDA-approved systemic medications that inhibit the activity of osteoclasts (cells responsible for removing bone) and target bone pain, and are approved for use in navicular syndrome. They are also often used off-label for OA.What research says: In a 2021 clinical study, scientists found that tiludronate appeared to stop the radiographic progression of OA through inhibition of subchondral bone remodeling in the high-motion joints of Standardbred racehorses. However, the researchers say its unclear whether this effect was associated with worsening of progressive cartilage damage. They also noted the drug did not affect the synovial inflammatory response.Final ThoughtsEquine orthopedic health is complex,affecting various tissues associated with the joint capsule. Our experts stress theres no one-size-fits-all solution for every case of orthopedic disease. When evaluating a horse for a choice of intra-articular therapies, many factors come into play, and each horse and each joint need to be considered individually, says Thurston. With numerous orthobiologic and synthetic treatments available, veterinarians are turning to the literature to navigate the ever-evolving world of equine orthopedic therapies.References1. Fraile AP, Gonzlez-Cubero E, Martnez-Flrez S, Olivera ER, Villar-Surez V. Regenerative Medicine Applied to Musculoskeletal Diseases in Equines: A Systematic Review. Vet Sci. 2023;10(12):666.2. Zanotto GM, Frisbie DD. Current joint therapy usage in equine practice: Changes in the last 10 years. Equine Vet J. 2022;54:750756.3. Boger BL, Manfredi JM, Loucks AR, Salamey MZ, Kapeller LE, Fricano AG, et al. Intra-articular triamcinolone acetonide injection results in increases in systemic insulin and glucose concentrations in horses without insulin dysregulation. Equine Vet J. 2024; 56(2):326331.4. Waselau M, Sutter WW, Genovese RL, Bertone AL. Intralesional injection of platelet-rich plasma followed by controlled exercise for treatment of midbody suspensory ligament desmitis in Standardbred racehorses. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2018;252(6):752761.5. Griffin LV, Bathe AP, Riggs CM, et al. Intralesional platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of proximal suspensory desmitis in National Hunt racehorses: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre clinical trial. Equine Vet J. 2022;54(1):96105.6. Bosch G, Cadby JA, Barneveld A. Effects of platelet-rich plasma on the quality of repair of mechanically induced core lesions in equine superficial digital flexor tendons: A placebo-controlled experimental study. J Orthop Res. 2010;28(2):211217.7. Wynne-Edwards KA, Ortved KF, Clarke AF. The effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma for musculoskeletal conditions in horses: A comprehensive review. Vet Sci. 2021;8(4):55.8. Peng C, Yang L, Labens R, Gao Y, Zhu Y, Li J. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma products for treatment of equine joint disease. Equine Vet J. 2024;56(5):8231086.9. Cloud WRC, Guzmn KE, Panek CL, Colbath AC. Stem cells and platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of naturally occurring equine tendon and ligament injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2024;262(S1):S50S60.10. Machado TSL, Massoco CO, Silva LC, Flber J, Moreira JJ, Baccarin RYA. Effects of blood-derived products and sodium hyaluronate on equine synovial fluid cells and on synovial fluid from osteochondrotic joints of horses after arthroscopy and administration of treatment. Am J Vet Res. 2019;80(7):646656.11. Bertuglia A, Basano I, Pagliara E, Bottegaro NB, Spinella G, Bullone M. Effect of intravenous tiludronate disodium administration on the radiographic progression of osteoarthritis of the fetlock joint in Standardbred racehorses. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2021;259:651661.12. Bertone AL, Ishihara A, Zekas LJ, Wellman ML, Lewis KB, Schwarze RA, Barnaba AR, Schmall ML, Kanter PM, Genovese RL. Evaluation of a single intra-articular injection of autologous protein solution for treatment of osteoarthritis in horses. Am J Vet Res. 2014;75(2):141151.13. Linardi RL, Dodson ME, Moss KL, King WJ, Ortved KF. The Effect of Autologous Protein Solution on the Inflammatory Cascade in Stimulated Equine Chondrocytes. Front Vet Sci. 2019;6:64.14. Aime C, Colbath DD, Frisbie SW, Dow JD, Kisiday C, McIlwraith W, Goodrich LR. Equine models for the investigation of mesenchymal stem cell therapies in orthopaedic disease. Oper Tech Sports Med. 2017;25(1):4149.15. Bernardino PN, Smith WA, Galuppo LD, Espinosa-Mur P, Cassano JM. Therapeutics prior to mesenchymal stromal cell therapy improves outcome in equine orthopedic injuries. Am J Vet Res. 2022;83(10):ajvr.22.04.0072.16. McClure S. How to use polyacrylamide hydrogel as an intra-articular therapy. Proceedings of the 68th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners. 2022.17. De Clifford LT, Lowe JN, McKellar CD, McGowan C, David F. A double-blinded positive control study comparing the relative efficacy of 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) against triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and sodium hyaluronate (HA) in the management of middle carpal joint lameness in racing Thoroughbreds. J Equine Vet Sci. 2021;107:103780.This article is from the Research Roundup 2024 issue ofThe Horse: Your Guide to Equine Health Care. We at The Horse work to provide you with the latest and most reliable news and information on equine health, care, management, and welfare through our magazine and TheHorse.com. Your subscription helps The Horse continue to offer this vital resource to horse owners of all breeds, disciplines, and experience levels. To access current issues included in your subscription, please sign in to theAppleorGoogleapps ORclick herefor the desktop version.

On January 2, a 30-year-old gelding in Eaton County, Michigan, tested positive for strangles. The gelding developed clinical signs on December 27, including purulent nasal discharge. He is now recovering. Three additional cases are suspected, and 15 horses are exposed.EDCC Health Watch is an Equine Network marketing program that utilizes information from the Equine Disease Communication Center (EDCC) to create and disseminate verified equine disease reports. TheEDCCis an independent nonprofit organization that is supported by industry donations in order to provide open access to infectious disease information.About StranglesStranglesin horses is an infection caused byStreptococcus equisubspeciesequiand spread through direct contact with other equids or contaminated surfaces. Horses that arent showing clinical signs can harbor and spread the bacteria, and recovered horses remain contagious for at least six weeks, with the potential to cause outbreaks long-term.Infected horses can exhibit a variety of clinical signs:FeverSwollen and/or abscessed lymph nodesNasal dischargeCoughing or wheezingMuscle swellingDifficulty swallowingVeterinarians diagnose horses using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing with either a nasal swab, wash, or an abscess sample, and they treat most cases based on clinical signs, implementing antibiotics for severe cases. Overuse of antibiotics can prevent an infected horse from developing immunity. Most horses make a full recovery in three to four weeks.A vaccine is available but not always effective. Biosecurity measures of quarantining new horses at a facility and maintaining high standards of hygiene and disinfecting surfaces can helplower the risk of outbreakorcontain one when it occurs.

One horse from Thurston County, Washington, recently tested positive for strangles. The horse traveled to the veterinary hospital at Oregon State University for colic surgery, where the strangles diagnosis was made.EDCC Health Watch is an Equine Network marketing program that utilizes information from the Equine Disease Communication Center (EDCC) to create and disseminate verified equine disease reports. TheEDCCis an independent nonprofit organization that is supported by industry donations in order to provide open access to infectious disease information.About StranglesStranglesin horses is an infection caused byStreptococcus equisubspeciesequiand spread through direct contact with other equids or contaminated surfaces. Horses that arent showing clinical signs can harbor and spread the bacteria, and recovered horses remain contagious for at least six weeks, with the potential to cause outbreaks long-term.Infected horses can exhibit a variety of clinical signs:FeverSwollen and/or abscessed lymph nodesNasal dischargeCoughing or wheezingMuscle swellingDifficulty swallowingVeterinarians diagnose horses using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing with either a nasal swab, wash, or an abscess sample, and they treat most cases based on clinical signs, implementing antibiotics for severe cases. Overuse of antibiotics can prevent an infected horse from developing immunity. Most horses make a full recovery in three to four weeks.A vaccine is available but not always effective. Biosecurity measures of quarantining new horses at a facility and maintaining high standards of hygiene and disinfecting surfaces can helplower the risk of outbreakorcontain one when it occurs.

Horses mainly lose heat through sweating and heavy breathing. | Anne M. Eberhardt/The HorseIf your horse sweats and appears outwardly comfortable, he must be managing the high temperatures just fine, right? Not according to Clair Thunes, MS, PhD, equine nutrition consultant and owner of Clarity Equine Nutrition. During her presentation at the 2024 EquiSummit virtual conference, held Dec. 3-4, Thunes said horses suffering heat stress might appear outwardly unaffected. However, their gastrointestinal (GI) tracts struggle, which affects their health and performance.How Horses Manage HeatHorses heat up not only from the sun shining on them but also the heat generated during their metabolic processes. For example, the chemical reactions muscle cells use to contract large muscle groups during exercise all produce heat. Horses bodies need to manage heat to stay in a thermoneutral zone.The key way horses lose heat is through evaporation of sweat, said Thunes, and when that doesnt work, they rely on respiratory losses through heavy breathing.Heat Stress, Injury, and Shock in HorsesThunes defined heat stress as an increase in body temperature that causes any change in physiology that can impair other body functions. Heat stress may not cause obvious harm or injury, but the body is nonetheless too hot to do everything its supposed to, she said.When heat stress progresses to heat injury, noticeable problems start to appear. Horses with heat stroke develop overt clinical signs, including GI tract damage.Heat-Induced Leaky Gut in HorsesWhen horses get hot, their bodies reduce blood flow to the GI tract, redirecting it to the large muscle groups to facilitate cooling. This can weaken the gut lining, potentially leading to heat-induced leaky guta condition where the cells lining the GI tract lose their tight connections. Instead of maintaining an impermeable layer, gaps develop between the cells, allowing harmful compounds to seep into the intestinal lining and potentially the horses bloodstream.The presence of endotoxin from bacteria in the intestinal lining and bloodstream initiates an inflammatory response because they are not supposed to be there, said Thunes. Degraded food products and digestive enzymes may also leak into the circulation with similar consequences.Healthy intestinal tract is lined with villi (fingerlike projections) that absorb nutrients. These can become blunted due to heat stress, resulting in less surface area to absorb nutrients. Horses tend to eat less when heat stressed, which further reduces nutrient availability. Fluid movement in the GI tract can also become impaired, resulting in diarrhea.In addition to the leaky gut, dysbiosis (microbiome imbalance) occurs in heat-stressed horses. The bacterial population in the intestinal tract can change in diversity, composition, or even the way it functions. For example, there could be a decrease in the butyrate-producing bacteria, which normally help maintain the GI tract lining, said Thunes. With this decrease in butyrate, we see an increase in GI tract inflammation.In addition, the digestive tract plays a large role in a horses immunity. A leaky gut can trigger the innate immune system, worsening systemic inflammation, and compounds passing out of the gut could result in an allergic reaction.Supporting Horses in the HeatIn addition to physically cooling horses and minimizing environmental sources of heat, owners can also combat the side effects of heat stress (predominantly leaky gut) by choosing feeds that contain the following ingredients:Butyric acid and zinc, which support the cells lining the GI tract. These ingredients will help maintain tight junctions and decrease inflammation; andThe probiotic Bacillus subtillis PB6, which has been shown to kill endotoxin-releasing pathogens (disease-causing organisms) and help maintain the beneficial population of bacteria in the GI tract.Take-Home MessageHeat stress negatively affects horses gut health, along with their immune system and metabolic function. In addition to reducing sources of heat, both environmental and metabolic, horse owners can provide electrolytes and offer feeds using ingredients known to counter the effects of heat stress, such as butyrate.Its important were cautious about working our horses in hot weather and really understand what is happening at a cellular level when horses get hot, said Thunes.

Beet pulp might be a beneficial addition to your horses diet if they need to gain weight. | The Horse StaffQ. My horse is 34 years old and has very few teeth left. I currently feed him senior feed, which I make into a very soft mash, in addition to his chopped hay, but he does not maintain his weight well during the winter. Can I replace some of his senior feed with wet beet pulp?A. How wonderful that your horse has reached the age of 34 and that you are working to keep him happy and healthy! It is better to make dietary changes before the horse starts losing weight, because it can be difficult to reverse the process during winter, when horses use so many calories to thermoregulate and maintain core body temperature.You do, however, have a few options to help your horse maintain body weight. The first would be to increase the amount of senior feed youre giving him. Senior feeds are often designed as complete feeds, so they can make up the entire diet. If you dont see this mentioned on the label, check with the manufacturer to see if your senior feed is a complete feed. Giving a few additional pounds of the feed hes already on might be the easiest option.You could also add beet pulp to his diet to help him maintain his weight during the winter. Beet pulp is a great addition because it contains a nice complement of different types of carbohydrates: nonstructural, which horses digest rapidly, and structural, which they digest slower. This gives your horse an immediate source of calories and provides heat during the digestion/fermentation of the nonstructural carbohydrates. Wet or soaked beet pulp can also help your horse stay hydrated in winter, when his water intake might decrease. You might just add some beet pulp to his current ration of senior feed, rather than replacing it. Make sure the diet is still balanced once you make this changein other words, ensure it provides all the nutrients your horse needs. Protein to maintain muscle mass and a calcium-to-phosphorus ratio of 2:1 to maintain the skeletal system are especially important.I would still offer the chopped hay because forages help keep the digestive tract healthy and functioning well. When horses consume hay, their bodies digest/ferment it primarily in the hindgut. Similar to beet pulp, this fermentation produces heat internally, which can help keep your horse warm in the winter, and he will have to use fewer calories/energy stores to maintain body temperature.Monitor the weather throughout the winter and early spring so you can be prepared for changes. Increasing forage intake when you expect colder-than-normal temperatures or snow and cold rain can help your horse stay warm. Keeping your horse dry and out of excessive wind will also help. Maintaining body temperature is more difficult in winter and one reason so many horses lose weight.Keep an eye on water intake and your horses hydration status, because some horses will drink less due to it either being too cold or unavailable (frozen). Low water intake can lead to improper digestion and impaction colic. Be sure water is always available and at a temperature your horse will drink. Frozen water buckets can make it difficult for your horse to get enough water, because not all horses are willing to break ice on the bucket or trough. Consider heated water buckets or a submersible water heater to help keep water at a comfortable drinking temperature, but make sure they are grounded properly and are not emitting a current into the water.Make it a habit to routinely monitor your horses weight and body condition throughout the fall, winter, and early spring, so when you notice changes, you can adjust the diet quickly. Do you have an equine nutrition question? The Horses editors want to hear from you! Submit your question via the form below. Name(Required) First Last Email(Required) Submit your equine nutrition below!(Required)CAPTCHA

View this post on Instagram A post shared by Official CrossCountry App (@crosscountryapp) Did you miss CrossCountryApps round-up of the most inventive jumps found on courses around the world in 2024? Its well worth a...

The pressures and opportunities facing the equestrian sector will be some of the topics under discussion at the 33rdNational Equine Forum (NEF25).NEF25 will take place at the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) in London on Thursday 6March 2025.Industry leaders, veterinary professionals and charity representativeswill address a number of subjects in a packed day of talks in front of an in-person and online audience.The programme will include the following discussions:The Equine Industry in a Changing Worldwill include a Parliamentary view of the status of the sector. In addition, the British Horse Council will provide an update and there will be a review of the Paris 2024 Olympic Games.Equine Health Updateswill include the latest news on some of the most serious disease threats to horses in the UK.Equine feedswill look at feed safety and legality, the fundamental role of forage and where to find reliable as well as appropriate nutrition advice.Equine Assisted Serviceswill take a close look at the partnership role horses play, both ridden and on the ground, from their inclusion in the Paralympic Games to how they facilitate learning and positively impact lives.Audience participationQ&A sessions will take place at the end of each discussion to allow members of the audience and livestream viewers the opportunity to have their say.The day will also include the Memorial Lecture, which will explore how charities are working together to combat equine welfare challenges in Britain, and reveal the winner of the Sir Colin Spedding Award. The award is presented annually to an exceptional unsung hero or heroine of the equestrian world.In this years programme we have picked some of the most pertinent areas presenting opportunities or threats to the sector, said NEF chairman Tim Brigstocke.We will be addressing these in our inimitable, balanced style, for which NEF has become renowned. We look forward to welcoming you either in person or via the livestream.Early bird tickets priced at 90 (instead of the full price of 110) are available until Wednesday 8 January. Tickets to watch the livestream will be released later this month.Click here to book your ticket.Main image (c) National Equine ForumFurther readingEquine flu: how to lower the risk to your horse7 common winter vet call outs and how to avoid them this seasonHandy guide to horse health insurance and vet fees coverHorses are designed to get wet, so many dont need to wear a rug, says vetThe post Programme announced for National Equine Forum 2025 appeared first on Your Horse.

Section Key Points Historical Context of Mules and Donkeys Mules were valued for strength, intelligence, and adaptability since 534 BC, with significance in European history during the Gallo-Roman period. Role of Mules in Agriculture and Transportation Mules were crucial in agriculture in the Americas, significantly contributing during the Southern cotton boom under George Washington's program. Llanybydder's Horse Fairs Monthly events attracting UK and Ireland traders, highlighting mules and donkeys for their intelligence and capability in difficult terrains. Characteristics of Mules and Donkeys Important traits include disposition, conformation, and proper training verification. Why Choose Mules or Donkeys? Noted for intelligence, endurance, and historical prestige with superior decision-making. Practical Advice for Potential Buyers Recommendations include research, observation, and networking for better understanding and decision-making. The Unique Charm of Mules and Donkeys Though horses are popular, donkeys and mules win hearts with distinct characteristics. Conclusion Llanybydder's sales highlight the legacy and virtues of mules and donkeys for those seeking a reliable or unique addition to their herd. Exploring the Llanybydder Sales: A Tale of Donkeys, Mules, and Unexpected Surprises The town of Llanybydder, nestled in the idyllic landscape of West Wales, is celebrated for its bustling horse fairs. However, these events are not just about the horses. Mules and donkeys share the spotlight as well. This article takes you on a journey through the intriguing world of Llanybydder's sales, spotlighting the history and unique characteristics of mules and donkeys. Historical Context of Mules and Donkeys Mules have a deep-rooted history that dates back to 534 BC when they were first esteemed for their strength, intelligence, and adaptability. Their journey through European history is significant, particularly during the Gallo-Roman period (source). The Role of Mules in Agriculture and Transportation Mules have been indispensable in agriculture and transport, especially in the Americas. Even George Washington recognized their potential, kickstarting a program that developed stronger mules for practical farm work (source). By the end of the 19th century, mule numbers had peaked in the United States, playing a pivotal role in the southern cotton boom (source). Llanybydder's Horse Fairs Llanybydder hosts monthly horse fairs that attract buyers and sellers from across the UK and Ireland. Although Welsh cobs dominate these events, many attend specifically for mules and donkeys. These fairs offer an opportunity to purchase animals known for their intelligence, sure-footedness, and ability to navigate challenging terrains. Characteristics of Mules and Donkeys When considering purchasing from these fairs, it's significant to examine: Disposition: Willingness to comply with commands. Conformation: Sound physical structure. Training: Importance of proper training verification. Why Choose Mules or Donkeys? Besides their practical benefits, these animals offer a host of advantages over horses: Intelligence: Known for superior intelligence and decision-making. Endurance: Handle tough terrains splendidly, which is highlighted in environments like the Grand Canyon trails (source). Historical Prestige: Mules were historically associated with social status and royalty. Practical Advice for Potential Buyers If you are a prospective buyer at Llanybydder, here are some tips: Research: Understanding the characteristics of these animals is crucial. Observation: Watch demonstrations and check for consistent training results. Networking: Engage with seasoned equine enthusiasts for tips and advice. The Unique Charm of Mules and Donkeys These animals might surprise you with their charm. While horses are the stars, donkeys and mules have distinct characteristics that often win hearts. Conclusion Llanybydder's sales reflect more than a commercial hub; they are a testament to the enduring legacy of mules and donkeys. Understanding their historical context and practical virtues enhances your decision-making whether you seek a reliable working companion or a unique addition to your herd.```html```