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On March 2, a 4-year-old Morgan mare in Loudon County, Virginia, tested positive for strangles. The mare developed clinical signs on Feb. 25, including fever, nasal discharge, cough, and lethargy. These signs began about two to three weeks after a new horse arrived at the farm from Georgia; that horse previously had respiratory signs, but they seemed to have resolved prior to transport. Eight horses at the farm have been exposed.EDCC Health Watch is an Equine Network marketing program that utilizes information from the Equine Disease Communication Center (EDCC) to create and disseminate verified equine disease reports. TheEDCCis an independent nonprofit organization that is supported by industry donations in order to provide open access to infectious disease information.About StranglesStranglesin horses is an infection caused byStreptococcus equisubspeciesequiand spread through direct contact with other equids or contaminated surfaces. Horses that arent showing clinical signs can harbor and spread the bacteria, and recovered horses remain contagious for at least six weeks, with the potential to cause outbreaks long-term.Infected horses can exhibit a variety of clinical signs:FeverSwollen and/or abscessed lymph nodesNasal dischargeCoughing or wheezingMuscle swellingDifficulty swallowingVeterinarians diagnose horses using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing with either a nasal swab, wash, or an abscess sample, and they treat most cases based on clinical signs, implementing antibiotics for severe cases. Overuse of antibiotics can prevent an infected horse from developing immunity. Most horses make a full recovery in three to four weeks.A vaccine is available but not always effective. Biosecurity measures of quarantining new horses at a facility and maintaining high standards of hygiene and disinfecting surfaces can helplower the risk of outbreakorcontain one when it occurs.

On Feb. 25, a 17-year-old Oldenburg gelding at a boarding facility in Washington County, Maryland, tested positive for strangles. The horse developed clinical signs on Feb. 22, including fever and nasal discharge. He is being quarantined.EDCC Health Watch is an Equine Network marketing program that utilizes information from the Equine Disease Communication Center (EDCC) to create and disseminate verified equine disease reports. TheEDCCis an independent nonprofit organization that is supported by industry donations in order to provide open access to infectious disease information.About StranglesStranglesin horses is an infection caused byStreptococcus equisubspeciesequiand spread through direct contact with other equids or contaminated surfaces. Horses that arent showing clinical signs can harbor and spread the bacteria, and recovered horses remain contagious for at least six weeks, with the potential to cause outbreaks long-term.Infected horses can exhibit a variety of clinical signs:FeverSwollen and/or abscessed lymph nodesNasal dischargeCoughing or wheezingMuscle swellingDifficulty swallowingVeterinarians diagnose horses using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing with either a nasal swab, wash, or an abscess sample, and they treat most cases based on clinical signs, implementing antibiotics for severe cases. Overuse of antibiotics can prevent an infected horse from developing immunity. Most horses make a full recovery in three to four weeks.A vaccine is available but not always effective. Biosecurity measures of quarantining new horses at a facility and maintaining high standards of hygiene and disinfecting surfaces can helplower the risk of outbreakorcontain one when it occurs.

Endometritis is one of the most common causes of subfertility in broodmares. | iStockEndometritis (inflammation of the uterine lining) remains one of the most common causes of subfertility in broodmares. While uterine cultures are still the gold standard for diagnosis, results can take several days, leaving veterinarians to decide whether to start antibiotics before confirmation or wait. Josefina Ghersa, DVM, a theriogenology resident at the University of Saskatchewans Western College of Veterinary Medicine, in Canada, presented her clinical findings on using Gram-stain-guided assessment of endometrial cytology when treating endometritis in broodmares during the 2025 American Association of Equine Practitioners Convention, held Dec. 6-10, in Denver, Colorado.In her retrospective analysis Ghersa said she evaluated how combining a traditional modified Wright-Giemsa stain with a Gram stain could inform veterinarians treatment choices in mares suspected of having endometritis. Gram-stain-guided point-of-care testing allows clinicians to start antimicrobials promptly when warranted while avoiding unnecessary use.Testing Stallside Gram StainThe researchers prepared two slides from the same endometrial sampleone stained with a modified rapid Wright-Giemsa stain to assess inflammation and cell health, and the other Gram stained to identify and classify bacteria as Gram positive or Gram negative. The entire Gram stain process takes about five minutes and can be done stallside, said Ghersa.Not every mare with bacteria present in the uterus needs antibiotics. In this study Gram stain revealed bacteria in nearly half of the noninflammatory cytology samples, yet only a small percentage yielded a known pathogen on culture. For these mares, uterine lavage, sometimes paired with a biofilm-disrupting agent, might be sufficient while waiting for culture results. This helps avoid unnecessary antibiotic use, a key concern as antimicrobial resistance continues to rise, said Ghersa.Mares with inflammatory cytology were far more likely to have clinically significant infections. In those cases Gram-stain results helped veterinarians choose an appropriate antibiotic class while awaiting culture and sensitivity data, which is particularly important in postpartum (because foaling contaminates her uterus) mares or those showing systemic illness, said Ghersa.Take-Home MessageWhen a veterinarian detects bacteria on a uterine test, clinical context helps determine whether the mare needs antibiotics. Ghersas findings reinforce the idea that pairing routine cytology with Gram staining provides a clearer, faster picture of whats happening inside a mares uterus and supports more thoughtful, evidence-based treatment decisions. She stressed that Gram staining does not replace culture and sensitivity testing. Instead, it acts as a bridge to help clinicians make informed choices in the critical window before lab results arrive.

On March 2, a 16-year-old Tennessee Walking Horse gelding in Santa Barbara County, California, tested positive for equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM) secondary to equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1). The horse presented with ataxia, trouble urinating, and recumbency. He was euthanized.Three potentially exposed horses on the premises have been placed under quarantine. No horses have left or arrived at the property in more than 30 days.EDCC Health Watch is an Equine Network marketing program that utilizes information from the Equine Disease Communication Center (EDCC) to create and disseminate verified equine disease reports. TheEDCCis an independent nonprofit organization that is supported by industry donations in order to provide open access to infectious disease information.EHV 101Herpesvirus is highly contagious among horses and can cause a variety of ailments in equids, including rhinopneumonitis (a respiratory disease usually found in young horses), abortion in broodmares, and EHM.In many horses, the first or only sign of EHV-1 infection is fever, which can go undetected.In addition to fever, other common signs of EHV-1 infection in young horses include cough, decreased appetite, depression, and a nasal discharge. Pregnant mares typically show no signs of infection before they abort, and abortions usually occur late in gestation (around eight months) but can be earlier. Abortions can occur anywhere from two weeks to several months following infection with EHV-1.Horses with EHM usually have a fever at the onset of the disease and might show signs of a respiratory infection. A few days later, neurologic signs such as ataxia (incoordination), weakness or paralysis of the fore- and hind limbs, urine retention and dribbling, loss of tail tone, and recumbency (inability to rise) develop.Herpesvirus is easily spread by nose-to-nose or close contact with an infectious horse; sharing contaminated equipment including bits, buckets, and towels; or clothing, hands, or equipment of people who have recently had contact with an infectious horse.Routine biosecurity measures, including hygiene and basic cleaning and disinfection practices, should be in place at all times to help prevent disease spread.Current EHV-1 vaccines might reduce viral shedding but are not protective against the neurologic form of the disease. Implementing routine biosecurity practices is the best way to minimize viral spread, and the best method of disease control is disease prevention.

One horse at a training facility in Snohomish County, Washington, has tested positive for equine influenza. Ten additional horses have been exposed.EDCC Health Watch is an Equine Network marketing program that utilizes information from the Equine Disease Communication Center (EDCC) to create and disseminate verified equine disease reports. TheEDCCis an independent nonprofit organization that is supported by industry donations in order to provide open access to infectious disease information.About Equine InfluenzaEquine influenzais a highly contagious respiratory disease that infects horses, ponies, and other equids, such as donkeys, mules, and zebras. The virus that causes it is spread via saliva and respiratory secretions from infected horses. Horses are commonly exposed via horse-to-horse contact; aerosol transmission from coughing and sneezing; and contact with humans contaminated hands, shoes, or clothes or contaminated tack, buckets, or other equipment.Clinical signs of equine influenza infection can include a high fever (up to 106F); a dry, hacking cough; depression; weakness; anorexia; serous (watery) nasal discharge; and slightly enlarged lymph nodes. Consider monitoring your horses health at shows by taking his temperature daily, which can help you pick up on signs of infection early and take appropriate measures to reduce disease spread.Vaccinationis an important and inexpensive way to protect your horse. US Equestrian requires proof that horses have had an equine influenza vaccination within the six months prior to attending organization-sanctioned competitions or events. Your veterinarian can help you determine what other vaccines your horse might benefit from.In addition to vaccinating, following strictbiosecurity protocolscan help reduce your horses chance of infection and disease. Such measures include quarantining new equine arrivals at barns, disinfecting buckets and equipment, and preventing nose-to-nose contact between horses.